View clinical trials related to Brain Diseases.
Filter by:Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a subclinical complication of liver cirrhosis with a relevant social impact. Thus, there is urgent need to implement easy to use diagnostic tools for the early identification of affected patients. This study was aimed to investigate cerebral blood flow, systemic hemodynamics as well as endothelial function of cirrhotic patients with MHE, and to verify their change after treatment with rifaximin.
Septic encephalopathy (SE) is defined as acute cerebral dysfunction in patients with sepsis or septic shock. SE occurs in up to 50% of critically ill patients with sepsis and is associated with a high mortality and morbidity. The pathophysiology of SE is complex and involves increased levels of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6, leading to blood brain barrier dysfunction and neuronal inflammation. Several biomarkers of neuronal injury have been proposed to identify patients with SE. Of these biomarkers, S100-β has the highest sensitivity and specificity. Sedation with Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a promising strategy for the management of these patients, as DEX has been shown to decrease the production of inflammatory mediators in experimental models of sepsis. In clinical studies, DEX lowers the incidence of delirium and critical illness polyneuropathy. However, its effectiveness in treatment and prevention of SE remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of two standard sedation protocols (Dexmedetomidine sedation vs. Propofol / Midazolam) on serum markers of SE in critically ill patients with sepsis who require sedation and mechanical ventilation.
This study evaluates a novel arm restraint compared with traditional soft wrist restraints in older critically ill patients. The primary outcome is upper extremity mobility measured by actigraphy, and secondary outcomes include sedation, agitation, satisfaction, and acceptability.
The study analyzes the diagnostic efficacy of neurophysiological tests and blood biomarkers on MHE, predicts risk factors on the development of OHE and investigate the mortality of MHE in patients with cirrhosis and acute on chronic liver failure.
Uremic encephalopathy is an organic brain disorder may be frequently seen in patients with acute or chronic renal failure. Certain neurological symptoms can be found under clinical glomerular filtration rate of 15 ml/minutes. The above mentioned neurological disorders can be due to uremic toxins as well as many other reasons such as metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances, inflammation, or oxidative stress. Most frequent symptoms are impaired consciousness, lethargy, cranial nerve involvement, nystagmus, dysarthria, and even coma and death. Brain tissue may receive damage and some secondary biomarkers may appear in case BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) level is >175 mg/dl together with neuroinflammation. Although hemodialysis is a temporary solution in terms of treatment, these symptoms may be reversible in the long-run with organ transplantation. A rigorous neurological assessment before transplantation is important for identifying the severity and distribution of the neurological disorder as well as defining the abnormalities that are responding to the current treatments and foreseeing potential postoperative prognosis. S100β is excreted by astrocytes in brain damage cases. S100β level rises when brain damage starts, thus it may be used in the prognosis of brain damage in its early period. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) functions as intracytoplasmic enzyme and serum level rises in neuron damage. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), on the other hand, is the intermediary filament cytoskeleton protein found in astrocytes. It has the same root structure with S100β. The purpose of this study is to assess neurological damage by looking at the levels of S100β, NSE and GFAP in patients who underwent kidney transplantation and to analyze the impacts on the prognosis.
Compare the safety and effectiveness of pRESET to Solitaire in the treatment of stroke related to large vessel occlusion
The objective of this study is to document the outcome at 2-3 years of age of participants of the TOBY Xe trial, to provide preliminary information about the later clinical effects of treatment with Xenon gas combined with moderate hypothermia following perinatal asphyxia. The TOBY Xe trial was a randomised controlled trial of inhaled xenon gas combined with hypothermia for the treatment of perinatal asphyxia. The trial primary outcome was changes on magnetic resonance parameters examined prior to discharge from hospital. Continuing clinical follow-up of trial participants is important following any therapeutic trial and is essential in early phase trials where information on the clinical effects of the intervention are lacking. Therefore, we have set up this study to determine the major clinical and neurological outcomes of participants of the TOBY Xe trial and to determine whether the magnetic resonance parameters in that trial are qualified to predict outcome following neural rescue therapy. This information is necessary for planning further studies of this intervention.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and currently has no disease modifying treatments or simple accurate diagnostic tests. The goal of this project is to study how tau (a protein thought to cause AD) is made, transported and cleared in the human body. Better understanding of these processes may lead to improved understanding of AD, earlier diagnosis and a way to evaluate treatment.
Most patients with minimal consciousness status in Critical Care Units (CCU) are considered as an 'unconscious patient' with a neurological examination. Evaluating these patients as unconscious patients may lead to neglect of psychosocial needs in patient-care, a continuation of unchanged treatment protocols for a long time and desperate evaluation of prognosis. In this study, the investigators aimed to evaluate the emotional responses of patients who were considered by the healthcare providers and relatives of patients as an 'unconscious patient' by using electrophysiological tests.
This study aims to assess the diagnostic feasibility and diagnostic performance of a new fast MR sequence EPIMix for neuroradiological evaluation in comparison to computed tomography of brain in pediatric population.