Outcome
Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
Primary |
Plasma histamine levels |
To correlate levels of histamine in plasma with pain scores (3 groups) in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer that have or have not been treated with palliative radiotherapy, analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used. The histamine levels will be transformed to satisfy the conditional normality assumption if needed. Linear regression models will be used to relate histamine levels (outcome variable) with the pain groups (covariate of interest). |
Up to 6 months |
|
Secondary |
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) |
Levels of CGRP will be collected. Statistical analysis will correlate CGRP with pain scores (3 groups) in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer that have or have not been treated with palliative radiotherapy, ANOVA will be used. |
Up to 6 months |
|
Secondary |
Stem cell factor (SCF) |
Levels of SCF will be collected. Statistical analysis will correlate SCF with pain scores (3 groups) in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer that have or have not been treated with palliative radiotherapy, ANOVA will be used. |
Up to 6 months |
|
Secondary |
angiotensin II (Ang II) Substance P |
Levels of Ang II will be collected. Statistical analysis will correlate Ang II with pain scores (3 groups) in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer that have or have not been treated with palliative radiotherapy, ANOVA will be used. |
Up to 6 months |
|
Secondary |
angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) levels |
Levels of Ang 1-7 will be collected. Statistical analysis will correlate Ang 1-7 with pain scores (3 groups) in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer that have or have not been treated with palliative radiotherapy, ANOVA will be used. |
Up to 6 months |
|
Secondary |
Histamine system involvement |
Will perform next generation ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequences using whole blood to determine whether histamine system is involved in the development of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). |
Up to 6 months |
|
Secondary |
Change in bone structural properties |
The thickness of the cortical bone within the irradiated volume will be measured. |
Baseline up to 1 month |
|
Secondary |
Change in patient quality of life |
The change in patient quality of life will be assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scale. The total score range is 0-10 with higher scores denoting worse outcomes. |
Baseline up to 1 month |
|
Secondary |
Change in physical and psychological function |
To be measured using the EORTC QLQ-BM22 quality of life questionnaire. It's divided into two categories, giving a single value: symptoms and functions. A high score indicates a high level of symptoms and a high level of functioning. The score range is 22-88. |
Baseline up to 1 month |
|