View clinical trials related to Appetitive Behavior.
Filter by:The limited data available suggest that exposure to weight-based stigmatization leads to overeating and increased desire for food. In the present study, overweight and obese individuals (BMI from 25-35 kg/m2) who are generally healthy will be randomized to read a weight-stigma article or control article and subsequently scanned to collect fMRI data. These procedures will be employed to accomplish two specific aims. Specific Aim 1: Determine the neural mechanisms involved in exposure to weight stigma on central control of appetite in overweight and obese individuals. To accomplish this aim we will collect fMRI data in study participants when viewing food and scenery pictures after being exposed to either a weight-stigma or control article. In addition, participants will complete validated questionnaires to measure perceived weight-stigma experiences and social support for eating and physical activity. Hypothesis: After reading an article depicting weight stigmatization, when shown pictures of food in the fMRI scanner, overweight/obese individuals that perceive themselves as having experienced higher levels of weight stigma and lower levels of social support, will have higher activations of brain regions that control appetite and food reward (amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, striatum, insula) and reduced activations in brain areas that regulate self-control and decision making (prefrontal cortex and cingulate cortex respectively) compared to a control group that reads a non-weight stigma article. Specific Aim 2: To assess the relationship between activity in appetitive and self-control brain regions and self-reported, eating-related behavior. To accomplish this aim, participants will also complete questionnaires that measure self-reported food intake motivation (dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger), appetitive responses, and mood. Hypothesis: Higher activations in appetite and reward regions and lower activations in self-control brain regions will be correlated with higher levels of dietary disinhibition, hunger/appetite, and dietary restraint.
The long-term goal is to develop effective, evidence-based lifestyle interventions to prevent and treat childhood obesity and related co-morbidities. The short-term goal, and the purpose of this application, is to quantify appetite and neural mechanisms of food reward in overweight/obese (OW/OB) sedentary youth and to quantify changes following the implementation of a physical activity intervention. The central hypothesis is that appetite becomes dysregulated at low levels of physical activity via neural reward pathways, and appetite control will improve following a long-term exercise intervention. The investigators consider this project a pilot study designed to generate data to be used for future external funding opportunities, demonstrate collaboration between researchers, and test the feasibility of the protocols.
The aim of this study is to examine the interindividual variability of subjective and hormonal appetite responses to a standardised meal in healthy men and explore any moderating influence of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO). Participants homozygous for the obesity risk A allele (AA) or low risk T allele (TT) of FTO rs9939609 will complete two fasted control and two standardised meal (5025 kJ energy, 47% carbohydrate, 9% protein, 44% fat) conditions in randomised sequences. Ratings of perceived appetite and venous blood samples will be taken before and after the interventions. Interindividual differences in appetite responses and the potential moderating influence of the FTO gene will be examined using bivariate correlations and linear mixed modelling.
The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of active video game playing for 30 minutes on food intake and subjective appetite. The investigators hypothesize that video game playing will affect food intake in children. Food intake will be measured at 30 minutes following a glucose (50g glucose in 250ml of water) or sweetened non-caloric (150mg Sucralose® in 250ml of water) beverage with or without active video game playing. Subjective appetite will be measured at 0, 15, 30 and 60 minutes.
Bariatric surgery helps patients with severe obesity to lose weight, cures and prevents diseases linked to obesity and reduces the risk of death. Unfortunately, 1 in 5 patients do not respond well to surgery in terms of weight loss and health gains. Thus, maximising weight loss and health benefits after surgery is critical. This study aims to gain insight into the role that the appetite-stimulating hormone, ghrelin, plays in driving appetite and energy intake in patients with poor weight loss (≤ 20% total body weight) following bariatric surgery. This will guide future work to develop pharmacological treatments for obesity, both as standalone treatments and adjuncts to bariatric surgery. Participants will be invited to attend the Clinical Research Facility at University College London Hospital for a screening visit and six study visits. Active ghrelin levels will be reduced by inhibiting ghrelin-o-acyl-transferase (GOAT), the enzyme needed to generate active ghrelin (acyl ghrelin, AG). Participants will be randomised to receive GLWL-01 (GOAT inhibitor) 300mg BD or placebo for a 10 day study cycle. The effect of AG reduction on appetite and energy intake will be evaluated through both fixed-energy and ad libitum meal tests on day 7 and 10, respectively. Measures of body weight and composition, appetite and food cravings will be performed in addition to biochemical profiling of circulating gut hormone, adipokine and cytokine levels. Targeted physical examinations and assessment of adverse events will be performed. Safety monitoring calls will be conducted 2 and 7 days after the last dose. Following a 6-10 week washout period, participants will cross over to receive either placebo or GLWL-01 300mg BD and undergo a second study cycle, with all measures repeated.
This study aimed to determine the effect of kefir on appetite in healthy subjects. A randomized, single-blind, and 3-intervention crossover trial included 22 healthy and normal-weight (BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2) females aged 21-24 years. Participants were recruited to three test meals: an LGI-Milk, an LGI-Kefir, and an HGI-Kefir, with a one-week washout period. Appetite ratings were measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. At the end of three hours, participants were served an ad libitum lunch meal. Then, the foods eaten at lunch were recorded and their energy and nutrient analysis was calculated.
Gastric emptying rate, glycemic response, fermentation, and appetitive response are being assessed after consumption of traditional West African carbohydrate-based foods (pearl millet couscous, pearl millet thick porridge) and Western type carbohydrate-based foods (wheat couscous, white rice).
The ileal brake is a feedback mechanism controlling stomach-mediated transit of a meal, for which gastric emptying can be used as an indicator. Previously, slowly digestible carbohydrates (SDCs) were shown to activate the ileal brake in a rat model; the current research aimed to determine the effect of common SDCs in humans.
Consumption of slowly digestible carbohydrates can elicit higher satiety feeling compared to rapidly digestible carbohydrates, however not all individuals respond the same. The physiological mechanism that accounts for the satiety effect and the lack of consistency among subjects is not fully understood. The overall aim of this research is to determine if consumption of slow digestible carbohydrates can induce non-responding subjects (i.e., with rapid gastric emptying) to activate the ileal brake and delay rate of gastric emptying.
The investigators propose a randomized snack study in normal to overweight adults that will test whether the consumption of different afternoon snacks will have different effects on appetite, mood, blood sugar control, and food intake. Aim 1: To examine whether the addition of hummus as part of an afternoon snack will improve diet quality, particularly through assessments of daily: - Vegetable consumption - Snacking behavior - Energy intake - Food choices Aim 2: To examine whether the addition of hummus as part of an afternoon snack will improve appetite control and satiety including assessments of: - Appetite Control (hunger, desire to eat, prospective food consumption) - Cravings (sweet, salty, savory) - Satiety (fullness) - Eating initiation Aim 3: To examine whether the addition of hummus as part of an afternoon snack will improve free-living glycemic control. Aim 4: To explore whether the addition of hummus as part of an afternoon snack will improve mood/energy states