Cognitive Stimulation Therapy

Anxiety Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Effect of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy on Apathy, Loneliness, Anxiety and Activities of Daily Living in Elderly Individuals Diagnosed With Alzheimer's

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05808530
• Other study ID #: Hasan Kalyoncuuuu University
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: May 1, 2023
• Est. completion date: December 30, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: March 2024
• Source: Hasan Kalyoncu University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The concept of cognitive stimulation in AD is one of the most popular approaches. Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is stated to be evidence-based best practice with robust clinical trials, administered according to specific guidelines for individuals with mild to moderate dementia. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of CST application on the levels of apathy, loneliness, anxiety and daily living activities in elderly individuals with Alzheimer's disease. This research was planned in an experimental research design with a single center and pretest posttest control group. The research was planned to be carried out between January 2023 and June 202 at the Moral House of Gaziantep Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Disabled and Health Services. Introductory Information Form, Standardized Mini-Mental Test, Geriatric Anxiety Scale, Apathy Rating Scale, Loneliness Scale and Functional Disability in Dementia Scale will be used in the research. CST will be administered by a researcher trained in therapy, 2 days a week, for a total of 14 sessions of 45-50 minutes. There will be a pre-test before the application, an intermediate test right after the application, and a post-test three months later. Research data will be evaluated in SPSS 25.0 New York package program.

Description:

Alzheimer's Disease is an insidious onset and slowly progressive disease, characterized by the presence of cognitive, behavioral and general dysfunction. Among the neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms seen in Alzheimer's patients, apathy is the most common symptom. It is also followed by depression, aggression, anxiety and sleep disorders. Behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) affect up to 90% of people with dementia during the illness. Therefore, it brings great difficulties to both patients and their caregivers and causes low quality of life. In addition, the inability to treat the disease completely worsens this situation. Considering the pharmacological treatment of psychological symptoms such as apathy, anxiety, depression in AD individuals, the existence of adverse side effects, increased mortality, limited drug efficacy, relatively high cost, and the inability to effectively treat some of the most distressing behaviors, it is recommended to give priority to non-pharmacological interventions. The concept of cognitive stimulation in AD is one of the most popular approaches. It is stated that Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is the best evidence-based practice with robust clinical trials, applied according to a specific guideline for individuals with mild and moderate dementia. In addition, CST is the only intervention recommended by the UK's National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) to promote cognition, independence and well-being for people with mild to moderate dementia. It has been determined that CST has many effects on individuals with Alzheimer's disease. However, there are different results in studies on the effectiveness of cognitive intervention strategies aimed at reducing cognitive functions, behavioral and psychiatric symptoms. To enable the conversion of CST into routine clinical practice, practice research to support the standardization and generalization of cognitive stimulation therapy planned for patients with AD and its impact on improving neuropsychiatric symptoms and daily living skills requires further research. In addition, the absence of a widely used standard guideline for pharmacological methods for patients with AD in our country reveals that the planned study will contribute to practice. It has been confirmed by many studies that CST applied to individuals with AD contributes to the strengthening of cognitive, psychological and social aspects, but there are few studies applied by nurses. It is noteworthy that the studies on the CST program applied by nurses in our country are limited. Therefore, the need for more clinical studies is emphasized by nurses to build and disseminate knowledge in this area, as the intervention has been little studied. In addition, the absence of a widely used standard guideline for pharmacological methods for patients with AD in our country reveals that the planned study will contribute to practice. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effect of CST application on the levels of apathy, loneliness, anxiety and daily living activities in elderly individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's. This research was planned in a single center and experimental research design with pretest posttest control group. The research was planned to be carried out between January 2023 and June 202 at the Moral House affiliated to Gaziantep Metropolitan Municipality Disabled and Health Services Department. Introductory Information Form, Standardized Mini-Mental Test, Geriatric Anxiety Scale, Apathy Rating Scale, Loneliness Scale and Functional Disability in Dementia Scale will be used in the research. CST will be applied by a trained researcher in therapy, 2 days a week, in a total of 14 sessions of 45-50 minutes. There will be a pre-test before the application, an intermediate test right after the application, and a post-test three months later. Research data will be evaluated in SPSS 25.0 New York package program.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 56
• Est. completion date: December 30, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: October 30, 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 60 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• 60 years or older,
• Having a mild Alzheimer's diagnosis and a Standardized Mini Mental Test score in the range of 18-23,
• Able to speak and understand Turkish,
• Hearing, understanding, seeing and speaking problems,
• Having no physical illness or disability to participate in group work,
• Have not participated in the CST program before, Individuals who volunteer to participate in the research will be included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not meeting any of the research inclusion criteria,
• Have not attended at least two sessions of the CST program,
• Patients who refuse/want to leave the CST program will be excluded from the study by the investigator.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Alzheimer Disease
• Alzheimer Disease 10
• Anxiety
• Anxiety Disorders
• Apathy
• Dementia
• Loneliness

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Cognitive Stimulation Therapy
CST involves the use of standard tasks that focus on cognitive functions, designed to meet varying levels of difficulty in accordance with the individual's ability and rehabilitation. A detailed guide for CST is available for a range of health and care professionals, including care workers, occupational therapists, psychologists, and nurses (https://www.ucl.ac.uk/international-cognitive-stimulation-therapy/) publications/cst-manuals). The CST application consists of 14 sessions of 45-50 minutes, 2 days a week. Intervention Group Week 1=Getting acquainted and applying pre-tests Week 2=Physical games and Sounds Week 3=Childhood and Food Week 4=Current events and Faces / Scenes Week 5=Word association and Creativity Week 6=Categorizing Objects and Orientation Week 7= Money usage and Games Week 8=Word Games and Team Competition Week 9=Closing and post-test application

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Turkey	Hasan Kalyoncu University	Gaziantep

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Hasan Kalyoncu University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Turkey, 

References & Publications (14)

Cerejeira J, Lagarto L, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Front Neurol. 2012 May 7;3:73. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00073. eCollection 2012. — View Citation

Chen HM, Tsai LJ, Chao SY, Clark MJ. Study on the Effects of Individualized Learning Therapy on Cognitive Function and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in the Institutionalized Older Adults. J Nurs Res. 2016 Dec;24(4):300-310. doi: 10.1097/JNR.0000000000000118. — View Citation

Fukushima RLM, do Carmo EG, Pedroso RDV, Micali PN, Donadelli PS, Fuzaro G Junior, Venancio RCP, Viola J, Costa JLR. Effects of cognitive stimulation on neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly with Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Dement Neuropsychol. 2016 Jul-Sep;10(3):178-184. doi: 10.1590/S1980-5764-2016DN1003003. — View Citation

Hall L, Orrell M, Stott J, Spector A. Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST): neuropsychological mechanisms of change. Int Psychogeriatr. 2013 Mar;25(3):479-89. doi: 10.1017/S1041610212001822. Epub 2012 Nov 12. — View Citation

Juarez-Cedillo T, Gutierrez-Gutierrez L, Sanchez-Hurtado LA, Martinez-Rodriguez N, Juarez-Cedillo E. Randomized Controlled Trial of Multi-Component Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (SADEM) in Community-Dwelling Demented Adults. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;78(3):1033-1045. doi: 10.3233/JAD-200574. — View Citation

Khan Z, Corbett A, Ballard C. Cognitive stimulation therapy: training, maintenance and implementation in clinical trials. Pragmat Obs Res. 2014 Apr 5;5:15-19. doi: 10.2147/POR.S56000. eCollection 2014. — View Citation

Lin HC, Yang YP, Cheng WY, Wang JJ. Distinctive effects between cognitive stimulation and reminiscence therapy on cognitive function and quality of life for different types of behavioural problems in dementia. Scand J Caring Sci. 2018 Jun;32(2):594-602. doi: 10.1111/scs.12484. Epub 2017 Sep 7. — View Citation

Lok N, Buldukoglu K, Barcin E. Effects of the cognitive stimulation therapy based on Roy's adaptation model on Alzheimer's patients' cognitive functions, coping-adaptation skills, and quality of life: A randomized controlled trial. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2020 Jul;56(3):581-592. doi: 10.1111/ppc.12472. Epub 2020 Jan 12. — View Citation

Martinez-Moreno M, Cerulla N, Chico G, Quintana M, Garolera M. Comparison of neuropsychological and functional outcomes in Alzheimer's disease patients with good or bad response to a cognitive stimulation treatment: a retrospective analysis. Int Psychogeriatr. 2016 Nov;28(11):1821-1833. doi: 10.1017/S104161021600123X. Epub 2016 Aug 9. — View Citation

Perkins L, Fisher E, Felstead C, Rooney C, Wong GHY, Dai R, Vaitheswaran S, Natarajan N, Mograbi DC, Ferri CP, Stott J, Spector A. Delivering Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) Virtually: Developing and Field-Testing a New Framework. Clin Interv Aging. 2022 Feb 9;17:97-116. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S348906. eCollection 2022. — View Citation

Sobral SR, Sobral M. Computerized cognitive stimulation for people with dementia or with mild cognitive impairment: a bibliometric review. Dement Neuropsychol. 2021 Jan-Mar;15(1):28-40. doi: 10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-020003. — View Citation

Wong GHY, Yek OPL, Zhang AY, Lum TYS, Spector A. Cultural adaptation of cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) for Chinese people with dementia: multicentre pilot study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018 Jun;33(6):841-848. doi: 10.1002/gps.4663. Epub 2017 Jan 11. — View Citation

Yang YP, Lee FP, Chao HC, Hsu FY, Wang JJ. Comparing the Effects of Cognitive Stimulation, Reminiscence, and Aroma-Massage on Agitation and Depressive Mood in People With Dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016 Aug 1;17(8):719-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.03.021. Epub 2016 May 7. — View Citation

Zhao QF, Tan L, Wang HF, Jiang T, Tan MS, Tan L, Xu W, Li JQ, Wang J, Lai TJ, Yu JT. The prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016 Jan 15;190:264-271. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.069. Epub 2015 Oct 24. Erratum In: J Affect Disord. 2016 Dec;206:8. — View Citation

* Note: There are 14 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	The effect of CST on the level of apathy in Alzheimer's patients	The level of apathy will be measured withAphaty Evaluation Scale in Alzheimer's patients after CST.	through study completion, an average of 1 year
Primary	The effect of CST on the level of loneliness in Alzheimer's patients	The level of loneliness will be measured with a UCLA Loneliness Scale in Alzheimer's patients after CST.	through study completion, an average of 1 year
Primary	The effect of CST on the level of anxiety in Alzheimer's patients	The level of anxiety will be measured with a Geraitric Anxiety Scale in Alzheimer's patients after CST.	through study completion, an average of 1 year
Primary	The effect of CST on the level of Activities of Daily Living in Alzheimer's patients	The level of anxiety will be measured with a Activities of Daily Living Scale in Alzheimer's patients after CST.	through study completion, an average of 1 year