View clinical trials related to Anorexia Nervosa.
Filter by:In healthy humans, the intestinal mucosa acts as an absorption organ and a defensive barrier preventing the passage of toxic substances from the intestinal lumen to the blood stream. Malnutrition and absence of exogenous luminal nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract profoundly affect small bowel morphology and physiology. Many reports have described alterations of ion and nutrient transport, mucosal atrophy and modifications in the intestinal permeability to macromolecules in cases of prolonged intestinal rest, as in severe starvation. These changes may dampen both the absorptive and the barrier functions of intestinal mucosa. The assessment of intestinal permeability, by measuring the urinary excretion of substances that are not metabolised by human tissues and passively cross the intestinal epithelium, is a reliable and non invasive method to investigate the anatomo-functional integrity of the intestinal mucosa. Previous studies have shown an increase of permeability in malnourished humans . The increase of may also increase the risk for inappropriate passage of food antigens and other noxious substances across the mucosal barrier. To this regard, the enhanced susceptibility of malnourished subjects to systemic infections and postoperative sepsis has long been recognised. Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder characterised by abnormal eating behaviours aiming to decrease body weight. Typically, women with anorexia nervosa restrict food ingestion up to severe starvation. These behaviours usually lead to malnutrition and a more or less prolonged absence of luminal nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, alterations in the integrity and functioning of intestinal mucosa are likely to occur in this condition. There is no information on intestinal permeability in patients with eating disorders. We hypothesised that, as it occurs in simple starvation and malnutrition, intestinal permeability should be increased in fasted undernourished people with anorexia nervosa and decrease after re feeding. Therefore, in the present study, we explored intestinal permeability of 23 subjects with anorexia nervosa by means of the lactulose-mannitol test and urinary sucralose excretion and compare them to 46 controls. Moreover, auto-antibodies (α-MSH ) have been found in patients with anorexia nervosa. The origin of these auto-antibodies is still unknown , but some studies suggested a digestive origin. Moreover, modifications of intestinal flora have been described in patients with anorexia nervosa. Actually, a study of the intestinal barrier of patients with anorexia nervosa is necessary. In this study, a comparaison of intestinal permeability and autoantibodies (α-MSH) rate is proposed before and after re-feeding in patients with anorexia nervosa.
Etude d'épidémiologie clinique multicentrique (IMM), naturalistique, comparant un échantillon clinique à un échantillon de témoins issus de la population générale. Cette recherche se fixe pour objectif principal de déterminer, sur un large échantillon de patients pris en charge pour anorexie mentale dans des unités de soins spécialisées, les caractéristiques de l'activité physique et la dépendance à l'exercice physique en comparaison avec des sujets issus de la population générale appariés pour l'âge et le sexe. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que les patients anorexiques mentaux sont plus actifs et plus dépendants à l'exercice physique que des sujets de la population générale de même âge et de même sexe.
Anorexia nervosa is a chronic mental health condition characterized by maladaptive food consumption (i.e., hypophagia) and distorted body image. There is substantial evidence of a phenotypic overlap between anorexia nervosa and anxiety disorders, as well as data suggesting the two share a common genetic pathway. Despite these findings, little research has examined fear conditioning among individuals with anorexia nervosa, and no research has examined whether individuals with anorexia nervosa have a propensity to overgeneralize conditioned fear stimuli, one of the more robust fear-conditioning markers of anxiety disorders. The current study assesses generalization of conditioned fear with fear-potentiated startle: the cross-species enhancement of the startle reflex when an organism is in a state of fear. Animal data, as well as an emerging literature in humans, tightly links fear-potentiated startle to the amygdala-based fear circuit. Thus, evidence of overgeneralized fear-potentiated startle in anorexia nervosa would link this eating disorder to hypersensitivity of the fear circuit and could inform the development of novel pharmacologic and psychological treatments for anorexia nervosa based on treatment models used in the anxiety disorders literature.
This study will use a data base of archived therapy sessions of family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa to determine the role of fidelity to treatment and outcome. In addition, it will develop a novel, more efficient way to train therapists in family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa and examine if it is feasible to conduct a trial comparing this novel training to standard, more intensive training.
Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have long been observed to demonstrate symptoms in common with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), in particular, an obsessive fear of normal weight leading to dangerous food restriction, as well as many compulsive rituals about food. Both AN and OCD are seriously handicapping and often resistant to conventional therapies. Given that the two conditions often co-occur and are associated with still unknown genetic risk factors, the aim of this project is to identify their shared and distinct patterns of brain activity. The investigators propose to use functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare brain response among adolescents with AN, OCD, and age-matched healthy individuals. Specifically, this study will investigate function of distinct brain circuits related to core aspects of these related disorders. The investigators use three tasks related to set shifting, global vs. local processing, and reward. Based on evidence of deficits in cognitive flexibility and ability to change behavior, the investigators hypothesize that adolescents with AN and with OCD will show hypoactivity of frontostriatal circuitry during cognitive tasks, and adolescents with AN will show hyperactivity in limbic regions in a reward task. This study is the first to directly compare brain activation patterns using functional neuroimaging in AN and OCD. The goal is to determine how abnormal brain activity relates to symptom formation, what accounts for shared characteristics amongst these disorders, and whether deficits in specific circuitry underlie their unique defining features. The study of shared and unique elements of functional brain circuitry reflects a new, emerging approach to the classification of psychiatric illness, one based on identifying unique combinations of biological risk factors that link related conditions. This approach is widely believed to be a critical step forward in developing more brain-relevant targeted strategies for preventative interventions.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate two training methods of IPT with mental health service providers in college counseling centers.
The aim of this study is to pilot an innovative motivational text-message intervention for individuals with anorexia nervosa and subthreshold anorexia nervosa. Patients will receive personalized motivational text-messages as an adjunct to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT will be provided to patients at no cost for the duration of the study. The investigators hypothesize that the text-messages will help increase motivation to change and kilocalorie intake and decrease eating disordered behavior.
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of combining Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) with Family Based Treatment (FBT) for future use in a randomized clinical trial to reduce the risk of adolescents developing persistent Anorexia Nervosa. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: one group will receive FBT and CRT, and the other group will receive FBT and art therapy.
The aim of this study is to investigate whether Lactobacillus reuteri could have a beneficial role in treatment of children and adolescents with Anorexia nervosa who develop motility disorder due to the malnutrition regarding the normalization of the motility, as well as the possible role of probiotics on nutritional recovery, especially on bone health.
Background. Treatments of eating disorders result too often in partial psychological and physical remission, chronic course, dropout, relapse and death, with no fully known explanations for this failure. In order to clarify this problem, we conducted a three branches study to identify the biochemical background of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (CBT), individual psychology brief psychotherapy (IBPP), and psychotherapy-pharmacotherapy with CBT+olanzapine in anorexics (AN) and bulimics (BN) by measuring the levels of plasma homovanillic acid (HVA) for dopamine secretion, plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) for noradrenalin secretion, and platelet [3 Hydrogen]-Paroxetine-binding Bmax and Kd for serotonin transporter function. The data were then compared with psychopathological and physical alterations. Methods. Branch 1 investigated the effects of 4 months of CBT on plasma HVA, MHPG and [3 Hydrogen]-Par-binding in 14 AN-restricted, 14 AN-bingeing/purging, and 22 BN inpatients. Branch 2 investigated the effects of 4 months of IBPP on plasma HVA in 15 AN and 17 BN outpatients. Branch 3 investigated the effect of 3 months of CBT+olanzapine (5 mg/day) in 30 AN outpatients. The data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA for repeated measures for the changes between basal and post-treatment biological and psychological parameters, two-way ANOVA for repeated measures for the differences in the psychobiological data in the 3 groups, Spearman's test for the correlations between basal and final changes in the psychological and biological scores.