Paced Electrocardiogram Requiring Fast Emergent Coronary Therapy (PERFECT) Study

Acute Myocardial Infarction Clinical Trial

— PERFECT  

Official title:

Paced Electrocardiogram Requiring Fast Emergent Coronary Therapy (PERFECT) Study

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02765477
• Other study ID #: HSR 15-4101
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• First received: April 22, 2016
• Last updated: November 29, 2016
• Start date: June 2016
• Est. completion date: July 2017

Study information

• Verified date: November 2016
• Source: Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis
• Contact: Stephen W Smith, M.D.
• Phone: 612-875-4226
• Email: smith253[@]umn.edu
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: United States: Institutional Review Board
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

The number of patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED), including ventricular pacemakers, continues to increase. However, there are no accurate electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria to diagnose acute myocardial infarction (AMI), even if due to acute coronary occlusion (ACO), with a ventricular pacemaker in situ. In this retrospective, multicenter, case-control study the investigators will examine ECG criteria to diagnose ACO in patients with ventricular paced rhythms. During this process, the investigators will also create a database from which investigators will be able to answer multiple additional questions on this population of patients.

Description:

BACKGROUND Diagnosis and management of ACO (the anatomic substrate for ST-elevation myocardial infarction) is time sensitive. Diagnosis necessitates emergent reperfusion therapy. An important predictor of death from ACO includes time to reperfusion.1 Delays in reperfusion therapy, including primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or fibrinolysis, are associated with worse 30-day and 1-year mortality. American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for treatment of ACO recommend that the first medical contact to device time be less than 120 minutes in patients who have no contraindications to treatment.2 Though cardiac biomarkers are helpful in making the diagnosis in uncertain cases, the time sensitive nature of intervention for ACO precludes their use to direct emergent reperfusion therapy. Furthermore, biomarkers do not diagnose ACO but rather any AMI, including those without occlusion that do not need emergent intervention.

The "traditional" ECG diagnosis of ACO, which includes ST-elevation cutoffs based upon age and sex, excludes patients with ventricular paced rhythm (VPR).3 The small field of research on the topic of ACO in VPR has extrapolated and analyzed data from patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB). That is because VPR with right ventricular pacing and LBBB both result in depolarization from right to left through myocardium (not through conducting fibers) and thus result in similar ECG findings (e.g. wide QRS, delayed onset of depolarization, and abnormal repolarization with "discordant" [in the opposite direction of the QRS] T-waves and ST-segment deviation). In the presence of known LBBB, AHA guidelines recommend using the Sgarbossa criteria to make the diagnosis of ACO.4 Sgarbossa et al. proposed requiring at least 3 points from the following criteria for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the presence of LBBB: (1) concordant ST-segment elevation of 1 mm (0.1 mV) in at least 1 lead (5 points), (2) concordant ST-segment depression of at least 1 mm in leads V1 to V3 (3 points), or (3) excessively discordant ST-segment elevation, defined as greater than or equal to 5 mm of ST-segment elevation when the QRS complex is negative (2 points). There have been only a handful of evaluations of Sgarbossa's criteria in VPR, with variable methodologies and patient populations; sensitivities in the studies ranged from 10-53% and specificities ranged from 84-99%.5,6 Neither study used angiographic endpoints, but only used biomarker definitions of AMI; one study used a very flawed biomarker definition with no adjudication. Thus, the number of occlusions is entirely unknown and probably very small.

For LBBB, Smith et al. derived and validated a "modified Sgarbossa rule" in which they replaced Sgarbossa's third criterion (excessively discordant ST elevation as defined by 5 mm) with a proportion-based criterion (defined by > 25% of the previous S-wave) (see Table 1). This rule resulted in much higher sensitivity and accuracy for diagnosis of ACO than the original Sgarbossa.7,8

Table 1: MODIFIED SGARBOSSA CRITERIA

1. ST-segment elevation >= 1 mm and concordant with the QRS in any lead

2. ST-segment depression >= 1 mm and concordant with the QRS in any of leads V1- V3

3. Proportionally excessive discordant ST-segment elevation in at least one lead, as defined by ST/S ( The modified Sgarbossa criteria have never been evaluated in patients with VPR and very few additional criteria have ever been evaluated. To our knowledge, no criteria have been evaluated using an angiographic outcome, the only outcome relevant to guiding emergency reperfusion therapy. The primary purpose of this study will be to investigate the diagnostic performance of selected ECG criteria for the diagnosis of ACO in VPR. Through the process of answering this question, a database will be formed to answer multiple additional questions on this patient population that is underrepresented in clinical trials.

STUDY DESIGN The primary analysis will be designed as a multicenter, retrospective case-control study. Additionally, data will be collected to create a database of de-identified patient information that will allow researchers to investigate numerous additional questions.

Study sites will include Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC, the lead site) and academic and community centers (study sites) located internationally. Because AMI was redefined in 2007 by a rise and/or fall of troponin, with at least one value above the 99% reference value,9 our study will only include subjects that presented from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2015.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 1500
• Est. completion date: July 2017
• Est. primary completion date: April 2017
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Both
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 year old at least, ischemic symptoms (e.g., chest pain, shortness of breath, etc.), ventricular paced rhythm on the Electrocardiogram (ECG).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Exclusion from Primary Analysis:

1. Extreme tachycardia (heart rate > 130 bpm) at the time of presentation

2. Severe hypertension (diastolic blood pressure > 120 mmHg) at the time of presentation

3. Respiratory failure (defined as need for positive pressure ventilation) due to pulmonary edema at the time of presentation.

4. Hyperkalemia (serum potassium > 5.5 mEq/L) at the time of presentation.

Study Design

Observational Model: Case Control, Time Perspective: Retrospective

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Acute Myocardial Infarction
• Infarction
• Myocardial Infarction

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Hennepin County Medical Center	Minneapolis	Minnesota

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (9)

American College of Emergency Physicians.; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions., O'Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, Casey DE Jr, Chung MK, de Lemos JA, Ettinger SM, Fang JC, Fesmire FM, Franklin BA, Granger CB, Krumholz HM, Linderbaum JA, Morrow DA, Newby LK, Ornato JP, Ou N, Radford MJ, Tamis-Holland JE, Tommaso CL, Tracy CM, Woo YJ, Zhao DX, Anderson JL, Jacobs AK, Halperin JL, Albert NM, Brindis RG, Creager MA, DeMets D, Guyton RA, Hochman JS, Kovacs RJ, Kushner FG, Ohman EM, Stevenson WG, Yancy CW. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Jan 29;61(4):e78-140. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.019. — View Citation

Jaffe AS. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Clin Biochem. 2013 Jan;46(1-2):1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.10.036. — View Citation

Maloy KR, Bhat R, Davis J, Reed K, Morrissey R. Sgarbossa Criteria are Highly Specific for Acute Myocardial Infarction with Pacemakers. West J Emerg Med. 2010 Sep;11(4):354-7. — View Citation

Meyers HP, Limkakeng AT Jr, Jaffa EJ, Patel A, Theiling BJ, Rezaie SR, Stewart T, Zhuang C, Pera VK, Smith SW. Validation of the modified Sgarbossa criteria for acute coronary occlusion in the setting of left bundle branch block: A retrospective case-cont — View Citation

Nielsen PH, Terkelsen CJ, Nielsen TT, Thuesen L, Krusell LR, Thayssen P, Kelbaek H, Abildgaard U, Villadsen AB, Andersen HR, Maeng M; Danami-2 Investigators.. System delay and timing of intervention in acute myocardial infarction (from the Danish Acute My — View Citation

Sgarbossa EB, Pinski SL, Barbagelata A, Underwood DA, Gates KB, Topol EJ, Califf RM, Wagner GS. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of evolving acute myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle-branch block. GUSTO-1 (Global Utilization of Streptokinas — View Citation

Sgarbossa EB. Recent advances in the electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction: left bundle branch block and pacing. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1996 Sep;19(9):1370-9. Review. — View Citation

Smith SW, Dodd KW, Henry TD, Dvorak DM, Pearce LA. Diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle branch block with the ST-elevation to S-wave ratio in a modified Sgarbossa rule. Ann Emerg Med. 2012 Dec;60(6):766-76. doi: 1 — View Citation

Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Simoons ML, Chaitman BR, White HD; Writing Group on the Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction., Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD, Jaffe AS, Katus HA, Apple FS, Lindahl B, Morrow DA, Chaitman BA, Clemmensen PM, Johanson P, Hod H, Underwood R, Bax JJ, Bonow RO, Pinto F, Gibbons RJ, Fox KA, Atar D, Newby LK, Galvani M, Hamm CW, Uretsky BF, Steg PG, Wijns W, Bassand JP, Menasché P, Ravkilde J, Ohman EM, Antman EM, Wallentin LC, Armstrong PW, Simoons ML, Januzzi JL, Nieminen MS, Gheorghiade M, Filippatos G, Luepker RV, Fortmann SP, Rosamond WD, Levy D, Wood D, Smith SC, Hu D, Lopez-Sendon JL, Robertson RM, Weaver D, Tendera M, Bove AA, Parkhomenko AN, Vasilieva EJ, Mendis S; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG).. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2012 Oct;33(20):2551-67. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs184. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Sensitivity and Specificity of Modified Sgarbossa Criteria for Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Occlusion in the Setting of Ventricular Paced Rhythm in Patients with Potential Ischemic Symptoms		7 days	No
Secondary	Sensitivity and Specificity of the modified Sgarbossa criteria with criterion #2 extended from electrocardiogram leads V1-V3 to leads V1-V6		7 days	No
Secondary	Performance characteristics of the modified Sgarbossa criteria using a maximum ST/S ratio of -0.20, and of -0.30, instead of -0.25		7 days	No
Secondary	Performance characteristics of absolute ECG millimeter measurements of ST discordance (including both discordant ST elevation and ST depression), using various ratio cutoffs (e.g. -0.2, -0.25, -0.3).		7 days	No
Secondary	Performance characteristics of 0.5 mm (vs. 1 mm) concordant ST-deviation.		7 days	No
Secondary	Performance characteristics of non-concave ST-morphology		7 days	No
Secondary	Mean QRS amplitude of occlusion vs. no occlusion groups. Plot receiver-operator curve for QRS amplitude		7 days	No
Secondary	Find mean T-wave amplitude in occlusion vs. no occlusion groups. Plot ROC curves for T/QRS ratio between groups.		7 days	No
Secondary	Mean QTc, JTc, and TpTe in occlusion vs no occlusion groups, and plot ROC curves for QTc, JTc, and TpTe		7 days	No
Secondary	Multivariate regression model including measurements of concordant and discordant ST elevation or depression, and of QRS amplitude, all in millimeters, and of repolarization time, in milliseconds.		7 days	No