View clinical trials related to Women.
Filter by:This study will evaluate changes in blood vessels around the heart (e.g., aorta and carotid arteries) and in the brain with the loss of female sex hormones (e.g., estrogen) during the menopause transition. The menopause transition is associated with declines in blood vessel function and increased risk for cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence supports an early role for declines in blood vessel function and future development of Alzheimer's disease in aging men and women. This study will learn about the effects of changes in female sex hormones, such as estrogen, during the menopause transition on blood vessel around the heart and in the brain in women.
The aim of this study will be to determine the effects of different electrical muscle stimulation protocols on muscle stiffness and functional capacity in post-menopausal women. A randomized controlled clinical trial will be carried out. A total sample of 27 post-menopausal women will be recruited and divided into 3 groups which received high-frequency electrical muscle stimulation during 8 weeks, low-frequency electrical muscle stimulation during 8 weeks or no-intervention (control group). Outcome measurements will be stiffness assessed by sonoelastography and functional capacity assessed by the 30 seconds Chair-Stand Test before and after 8 weeks interventions.
African American and Latina women, as well as women living in poverty, are an identified health disparities population for HIV. Risks for HIV are compounded in this population when additional risk factors are present, including other sexually transmitted infections, intimate partner violence, substance use disorders, and homelessness or housing insecurity. Knowledge of one's HIV serostatus is key to linkage to care, improving HIV outcomes, and decreasing the spread of HIV. However, roughly a third of African American women and over half of Latina women have never been tested (CDC, 2016a). Barriers to testing include socioeconomical inequality, racial discrimination, low health literacy, and inadequate access to quality healthcare, among others. Novel methods for increasing HIV testing in this important health disparities group are greatly needed. This study aims to test a reinforcement-based intervention to increase HIV testing and repeat testing among African American, Latina, and women living in poverty who have risk factors for HIV. We are partnering with multiple community-based organizations, several of which are non-traditional providers of HIV services (e.g., domestic violence agency, homeless shelter), to address systemic and structural issues that serve as barriers to testing. A primary aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of training community-based providers to deliver a reinforcement-based intervention for promoting HIV testing. In addition, we will compare standard referral services for HIV testing plus HIV risk reduction education to the same plus reinforcement for HIV testing (and repeat testing) using a randomized controlled trial with 334 participants. Women in both groups will be encouraged to seek HIV testing; be provided with the resources to do so (list of testing sites, bus passes if needed); and will receive basic education about HIV prevention using a widely available web-based resource (https://wwwn.cdc.gov/hivrisk/). Women in the reinforcement group will also be provided with $25 for undergoing an HIV test, with a $15 bonus if they have the test in the next 7 days ($40 total). During the next 12 months, they can receive an additional $25 for undergoing up to 2 more tests separated by 12 weeks, with $15 bonuses for each test completed within 7 days (+/- 7 days) of the scheduled date at 6- and 12-months post-initial test. It is hypothesized that the reinforcement intervention will result in greater proportions of women receiving an HIV test (and repeat HIV tests) compared to standard services. In the proposed study, approximately 50 clinicians from our partner sites will be trained on both the non-reinforcement and reinforcement approaches to increasing HIV testing. Primary clinician outcomes are clinician knowledge and attitudes about HIV, testing, and reinforcement interventions. These will be assessed pre- and post-training and at 6-month intervals thereafter. A secondary outcome is clinician satisfaction with the training. Once clinicians are trained to competence, 334 women at our partner agencies will be randomized. Participants will be assessed at baseline and at 3-, 9-, and 15-month follow-ups. The primary outcome is objective reports of HIV testing, verified by testing centers. Secondary outcomes are HIV risk behaviors, test results, self-efficacy, client attitudes towards testing, and HIV knowledge. In addition, this study will include a careful analysis of costs of the reinforcement intervention to allow for estimates of its cost-effectiveness in increasing HIV testing. The overall goal of this study is to determine whether a reinforcement intervention delivered by community providers is superior to standard referral procedures plus HIV education in increasing rates of HIV testing among women at the highest risk of HIV infection. A wide range of community partners that serve some of the highest risk groups of women were chosen to ensure highly generalizable results. If efficacious, the intervention has the potential for widespread adoption and implementation.
The WHISH-2-Prevent Heart Failure (HF) study is an ancillary study to the Women's Health Initiative Strong and Healthy (WHISH) exercise pragmatic trial. The WHISH-2-Prevent HF trial examines the intervention effect of physical activity (PA) on both incident HF and HF burden (recurrent HF and CVD death in those with HF) in a cost effective manner in elderly women. In addition, it will allow a dose-finding analysis to better understand the type, intensity and frequency of PA that leads to a reduced risk and burden of HF. The focus of the parent WHISH trial is on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and not heart failure.