View clinical trials related to Substance-Related Disorders.
Filter by:This research will test a technology adoption framework to increase use of the A-CHESS smartphone app. The project, based in Iowa, will compare a control condition (using a typical product training approach to software implementation that includes user tutorials and instruction on administrative and clinical protocols, followed by access to on-line support) to the typical product training combined with NIATx-TI. Terms - A-CHESS: Addiction Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System NIATx-TI: Network for the Improvement of Addiction Treatment-Technology Implementation
Genetic variability from epigenetic modification of genes related to pain physiology and opioid pharmacodynamics may influence susceptibility to high-impact chronic musculoskeletal pain, opioid efficacy, and vulnerability to opioid abuse. Exploring the role of epigenomics and opioid addiction may improve understanding and treatment of these complex multifactorial conditions and, potentially, reduce their development.
Emerging adults are a particularly vulnerable group for experiencing the immediate and potentially lifelong negative impacts of habitual cannabis use, and trends suggest that cannabis use disorder (CUD) will soon escalate in this population. The proposed research will combine clinical pharmacology, non-invasive brain stimulation, and neuroimaging techniques to establish the brain mechanisms of cannabinoid-impaired decision-making processes in emerging adults with CUD. Results from this project will inform CUD prevention/treatment efforts in this high-risk group and address a growing public health concern.
The primary aim of the current project is to test the acceptability and feasibility of a computerized intervention, titled Computerized Anxiety Sensitivity Treatment (CAST), delivered to Veterans seeking treatment for an opioid use disorder. The second aim of the study is to examine the utility of CAST by gathering data on symptom change. The final aim of the current study is to test the effects of CAST on rates of attendance and retention in a substance use disorder treatment (SUDT) program.
People who inject drugs (PWID) have increased risk of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), and systemic infections like septicaemia and endocarditis. International research and data from Malmö needle exchange program (NEP) show a 60 - 70% lifetime SSTI prevalence. Longitudinal colonization pattern of S. aureus and its association with infection frequency among PWID is unknown. Cultures from the anterior nares, throat and perineum are used to indirectly assess S. aureus skin colonization. In PWID 28 - 45% are colonized in the nares, which increases risk of infections. Clinical significance of extra-nasal colonization, and persistent/intermittent colonization is uncertain. The S. aureus genome can be characterized by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Certain types are associated with abscesses and systemic infections. The infection pattern among PWID is unknown. S. aureus skin colonization level is decreased by chlorhexidine body wash and nasal mupirocin used as surgical prophylaxis and treatment of furunculosis. To our knowledge, disinfection effect on infections in PWID is not studied. However, the clinical impression is that severe infections have somewhat diminished since the NEP started distributing skin disinfectant tissues. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. Can repeated skin wash with chlorhexidine decrease infection frequency among PWID? 2. Is the longitudinal S. aureus colonization pattern associated with infection prevalence among PWID? 3. Can the risk of S. aureus-infections be predicted by quantification of bacterial level in anterior nares, throat, perineum or skin lesions/eczema? 4. Can different types of S. aureus be identified, that are associated with colonization or infection among PWID (by WGS)? METHODS AND TIME PHRAME Malmö NEP was established in 1986, and several studies assessing HIV, hepatitis and sociological questions have been conducted in this setting. In December 2016 continuous inclusion of 100 PWID for the actual study started at Malmö NEP. The study period is estimated to two years, with scientific papers expected for publication. During the first year of the study, mapping of S. aureus colonization pattern among all study participants is conducted by repeated sampling, clinical evaluation of eczemas, and interviews regarding infections. Every third month samples are collected from nares, throat, perineum and skin lesions. Semi quantification of S. aureus takes place at the microbiological research laboratory at Lund University. BBL CHROMagar Staph aureus-plates are used and incubated in 35oC air for 48h. S. aureus-colonies are identified and quantified manually by pink colour change and Pastorex. MALDI-TOF will be used in unclear cases. Disk-diffusion will be used for resistance determination. Bacterial isolates will be frozen to -70oC for later WGS. Intervention with chlorhexidine wash starts one year after inclusion for each study subject, and will continue for one additional year. Study participants with S aureus colonization will undergo regular showers with chlorhexidine (intervention group) at the needle exchange. In order to avoid bacterial resistance, muporicin will not be used. During the intervention, cultures, interviews and clinical evaluation will continue.
The goal of the study is to validate a Prescription Drug Monitoring Program-based opioid risk metric to discriminate between low, moderate, and high-risk opioid use disorder. The World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (WHO ASSIST) will be used as the gold standard instrument that defines patient risk levels. No intervention or hypothesis will be tested.
To evaluate the relationship of extraversion to both the acute subjective and behavioral effects of alcohol, and the neural reactivity to the anticipation of reward.
The main aim of this formative study is to test and iteratively refine a new mobile phone app, which delivers assessments and tailored intervention content. The study will use social media advertisements to recruit a total of 40 youth between the ages of 16-24 years. Those screening positive for past-month binge drinking or marijuana use will be invited to complete a baseline survey, download and use the app for 30 days, and complete a follow-up survey about the app functionality, design and content, and preliminary outcomes (intentions and importance of reducing use).
Chronic drug addiction is not only associated with increased mental health symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, but also with brain (neural and cognitive) deficits. These neurocognitive deficits (NCDs) in memory, attention, decision-making, self-control and judgement disturb normal daily functioning and attempts for abstinence. These NCDs are also associated with worse long-term treatment outcomes. Current treatment programs for addiction to opioids and amphetamines are mainly focused on abstinence from illicit drugs with or without assistance of medications, with the assumption that these NCDs will subsequently heal. However, NCDs are found to persist even after a long-term abstinence and are thought to contribute to relapse, decreases quality of life, or lack of reintegration into society. Furthermore, NCDs (particularly related to attention and memory) are considered a potential obstacle for engagement in therapy services for addiction and associated mood, anxiety and trauma-related comorbidities (i.e., cognitive-behavioral therapies). Brain rehabilitation programs focused on compensatory strategies and training exercises for NCDs associated with traumatic brain injuries, stroke, multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia has consistently been found to improve functioning and long-term outcomes for these populations. There have been a few preliminary attempts to transplant cognitive rehabilitation with substance use populations, with some limited promise. However, these previous studies failed to link cognitive strategies with the drug use and affective/craving symptoms experienced by patients and also did not fully incorporate knowledge gained from neuroscientific research on opioid and/or methamphetamine addiction specifically. The aim of this study is to characterize clinical efficacy for an intervention targeting NCDs in opioid and/or methamphetamine addiction by enhancing awareness and use of neurocognitive skills in the context of substance use recovery. This aim will be accomplished by randomizing 80 subjects with opioid and/or methamphetamine use disorder who are already enrolled in substance use treatment in the state of Oklahoma to also complete a novel "Neurocognitive Empowerment for Addiction Treatment" (NEAT) program developed by a group of investigators at Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma. NEAT will be novel in (a) its use of cartoons, brain awareness games and real-life scenarios to ensure it is interactive and engaging, (b) the focus on the role of neurocognitive deficits in recovery from substance use and co-occurring mental health symptomatology, and (c) its incorporation of neuroscientific findings specific to substance use to the training and exercise strategies. Subjects will be followed up for twelve months after starting the program with different measures for addiction and mental health recovery to explore the efficacy of NEAT compared to the control intervention. Using LIBR's cutting-edge neuroimaging facilities before and after interventions, this study has the unique opportunity to monitor not only clinical outcomes but also potential changes NEAT may have on brain structure and function. In case of finding reasonable clinical efficacy for NEAT, it will be hopefully integrated as a manualized brain rehabilitation program to the substance use treatment programs.
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is among the costliest and deadliest substance use disorders (SUDs) in the US and world-wide. Opioids were involved in 42,249 deaths in the US in 2016, which were more than deaths due to road accidents and gun violence combined. Opioid overdose deaths were five times higher in 2016 than 1999. Meanwhile, the treatment options for OUD are limited and long-term efficacy is poor. There is a hope that recent advances in understanding of the cognitive neuroscience underlying addictive behavior, like drug craving and its regulatory processes, can bring new opportunities for more effective and personalized treatment options for OUD. Drug craving is the signature aspect of OUD as well as other SUDs which has been associated with continued drug use and relapse. In previous studies, the investigators have shown significant response to drug related cues in both frontoparietal and limbic areas including amygdala and ventral striatum. In a recent pilot study, the investigators showed significant lower connectivity between amygdala and frontoparietal areas, including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and inferior parietal cortex (IPC), major nodes of the executive control network (ECN), in patients with OUD compared with healthy controls. The central role of the ECN is to perform top down regulation of subcortical limbic areas during self-control, emotion-regulation, and response- inhibition tasks. These processes are well known to be affected in different psychopathologies including SUDs. There is a growing body of evidence that external frontoparietal synchronization (FPS) with transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can potentially modulate connectivity within ECN and between ECN and limbic areas. This may improve some aspects of executive function and top down regulation. tACS is a low-cost and scalable non-invasive brain stimulation technology without any serious side effects. The procedure involves the transcranial delivery of low levels of alternating current (0.1-2 mAmp) in different frequencies through the skull into the brain with both online and long-term offline effects. This trial is the first combined tACS/fMRI study to examine the acute offline effects of FPS on neural substrates underlying drug induced craving. We hypothesize that FPS amplifies the ECN top-down modulatory role via its connectivity to other cortical-subcortical areas. In this experimental design, the investigators will recruit 60 people with OUD during the early abstinence phase in a residential setting divided into two parallel arms with active and sham FPS tACS. Each subject will undergo resting state and task based (drug cue exposure paradigm) functional MRI pre and post FPS. The investigators will also conduct individual difference analyses to explore the potential predictors for FPS response, including pre-FPS top-down connectivity measures of ECN and other subjective, clinical, behavioral, structural, and functional variables. The results of this study will provide mechanistic neuroscience-based evidence for the efficacy of FPS and will advance the field towards precision addiction medicine.