Stroke Clinical Trial
Verified date | November 2017 |
Source | Vrije Universiteit Brussel |
Contact | n/a |
Is FDA regulated | No |
Health authority | |
Study type | Interventional |
The primary objective of the study is to investigate the energy consumption,
cardiorespiratory load and perceived exertion, and how these parameters change, during
walking with robot-assistance compared to walking on a treadmill and walking overground in
stroke patients.
A secondary objective is to investigate whether these changes or differences in energy
consumption, cardiorespiratory load and perceived exertion during walking with and without
robot-assistance in stroke patients are related to changes or differences spatiotemporal gait
characteristics.
Status | Terminated |
Enrollment | 14 |
Est. completion date | August 2017 |
Est. primary completion date | August 2017 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | No |
Gender | All |
Age group | 18 Years and older |
Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria: - Stroke patients with a lower limb motor impairment - Time since stroke < 1 year - = 18 years - < 193 cm - < 135kg - Able to walk overground (body-weight support allowed if necessary) for at least 10 minutes at a comfortable walking speed Exclusion Criteria: - Contra-indications for exercise testing according to the American College of Sports Medicine - Musculoskeletal problems (other than stroke) affecting the ability to walk - Concurrent pulmonary diseases - Concurrent neurological diseases - Communicative and/or cognitive problems affecting the ability to comprehend or follow instructions - Other problems that affect the execution of the interventions, e.g. severe spasticity, contractures or dermatologic contraindications |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
Belgium | St. Ursula Rehabilitation Centre (Jessa Hospital) | Herk-de-Stad | Limburg |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Vrije Universiteit Brussel |
Belgium,
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Hornby TG, Kinnaird CR, Holleran CL, Rafferty MR, Rodriguez KS, Cain JB. Kinematic, muscular, and metabolic responses during exoskeletal-, elliptical-, or therapist-assisted stepping in people with incomplete spinal cord injury. Phys Ther. 2012 Oct;92(10):1278-91. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20110310. Epub 2012 Jun 14. — View Citation
Israel JF, Campbell DD, Kahn JH, Hornby TG. Metabolic costs and muscle activity patterns during robotic- and therapist-assisted treadmill walking in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury. Phys Ther. 2006 Nov;86(11):1466-78. — View Citation
Kelly JO, Kilbreath SL, Davis GM, Zeman B, Raymond J. Cardiorespiratory fitness and walking ability in subacute stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003 Dec;84(12):1780-5. — View Citation
Kitatani R, Ohata K, Takahashi H, Shibuta S, Hashiguchi Y, Yamakami N. Reduction in energy expenditure during walking using an automated stride assistance device in healthy young adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Nov;95(11):2128-33. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.07.008. Epub 2014 Jul 24. — View Citation
Krewer C, Müller F, Husemann B, Heller S, Quintern J, Koenig E. The influence of different Lokomat walking conditions on the energy expenditure of hemiparetic patients and healthy subjects. Gait Posture. 2007 Sep;26(3):372-7. Epub 2006 Nov 20. — View Citation
Maeshima S, Osawa A, Nishio D, Hirano Y, Takeda K, Kigawa H, Sankai Y. Efficacy of a hybrid assistive limb in post-stroke hemiplegic patients: a preliminary report. BMC Neurol. 2011 Sep 27;11:116. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-11-116. — View Citation
Malcolm P, Derave W, Galle S, De Clercq D. A simple exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion can reduce the metabolic cost of human walking. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56137. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056137. Epub 2013 Feb 13. — View Citation
Mehrholz J, Elsner B, Werner C, Kugler J, Pohl M. Electromechanical-assisted training for walking after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jul 25;(7):CD006185. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006185.pub3. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 10;5:CD006185. — View Citation
Mehrholz J, Pohl M, Elsner B. Treadmill training and body weight support for walking after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jan 23;(1):CD002840. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002840.pub3. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Aug 17;8:CD002840. — View Citation
Myers J, McAuley P, Lavie CJ, Despres JP, Arena R, Kokkinos P. Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as major markers of cardiovascular risk: their independent and interwoven importance to health status. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2015 Jan-Feb;57(4):306-14. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2014.09.011. Epub 2014 Sep 28. Review. — View Citation
Patterson KK, Gage WH, Brooks D, Black SE, McIlroy WE. Evaluation of gait symmetry after stroke: a comparison of current methods and recommendations for standardization. Gait Posture. 2010 Feb;31(2):241-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.10.014. Epub 2009 Nov 22. — View Citation
Smith AC, Saunders DH, Mead G. Cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke: a systematic review. Int J Stroke. 2012 Aug;7(6):499-510. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00791.x. Epub 2012 May 9. Review. — View Citation
States RA, Salem Y, Pappas E. Overground gait training for individuals with chronic stroke: a Cochrane systematic review. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2009 Dec;33(4):179-86. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e3181c29a8c. Review. — View Citation
Swinnen E, Beckwée D, Pinte D, Meeusen R, Baeyens JP, Kerckhofs E. Treadmill training in multiple sclerosis: can body weight support or robot assistance provide added value? A systematic review. Mult Scler Int. 2012;2012:240274. doi: 10.1155/2012/240274. Epub 2012 May 30. — View Citation
Swinnen E, Duerinck S, Baeyens JP, Meeusen R, Kerckhofs E. Effectiveness of robot-assisted gait training in persons with spinal cord injury: a systematic review. J Rehabil Med. 2010 Jun;42(6):520-6. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0538. Review. — View Citation
van Nunen MP, Gerrits KH, de Haan A, Janssen TW. Exercise intensity of robot-assisted walking versus overground walking in nonambulatory stroke patients. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(10):1537-46. — View Citation
Waters RL, Mulroy S. The energy expenditure of normal and pathologic gait. Gait Posture. 1999 Jul;9(3):207-31. Review. — View Citation
* Note: There are 23 references in all — Click here to view all references
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Other | Paretic cadence | The average amount of steps per minute at the paretic side at different time frames. Cadence will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Non-paretic cadence | The average amount of steps per minute at the paretic side at different time frames. Cadence will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Cadence symmetry ratio | The ratio of paretic and non-paretic cadence with the numerator always being the greater of the two values, so that results are not skewed by values <1.0 (1.0 indicating perfect symmetry). Direction of asymmetry will be retained with a sign convention (e.g. +/- to indicate favoring of the paretic/non-paretic limb, respectively). | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Paretic cadence variability | The average intra-subject variation in paretic cadence between consecutive gait cycles. Cadence will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Non-paretic cadence variability | The average intra-subject variation in non-paretic cadence between consecutive gait cycles. Cadence will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Paretic gait cycle time | The average duration of a gait cycle (expressed in seconds) at the paretic side at different time frames. Gait cycle time will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Non-paretic gait cycle time | The average duration of a gait cycle (expressed in seconds) at the non-paretic side at different time frames. Gait cycle time will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Gait cycle time asymmetry ratio | The ratio of paretic and non-paretic gait cycle time with the numerator always being the greater of the two values, so that results are not skewed by values <1.0 (1.0 indicating perfect symmetry). Direction of asymmetry will be retained with a sign convention (e.g. +/- to indicate favoring of the paretic/non-paretic limb, respectively). | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Paretic gait cycle time variability | The average intra-subject variation in paretic gait cycle time between consecutive gait cycles. Gait cycle time will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Non-paretic gait cycle time variability | The average intra-subject variation in non-paretic gait cycle time between consecutive gait cycles. Gait cycle time will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Paretic stance | The average portion of the cycle during which part of the paretic foot touches the ground (expressed in % of cycle duration) at different time frames. Stance ratio will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Non-paretic stance | The average portion of the cycle during which part of the non-paretic foot touches the ground (expressed in % of cycle duration) at different time frames. Stance ratio will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Stance symmetry ratio | The ratio of paretic and non-paretic stance with the numerator always being the greater of the two values, so that results are not skewed by values <1.0 (1.0 indicating perfect symmetry). Direction of asymmetry will be retained with a sign convention (e.g. +/- to indicate favoring of the paretic/non-paretic limb, respectively). | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Paretic stance variability | The average intra-subject variation in paretic stance between consecutive gait cycles. Stance will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Non-paretic stance variability | The average intra-subject variation in non-paretic stance between consecutive gait cycles. Stance will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Paretic swing | The average portion of the gait cycle during which the paretic foot is in the air and does not touch the ground (expressed in % of gait cycle) at different time frames. Swing ratio will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Non-paretic swing | The average portion of the gait cycle during which the non-paretic foot is in the air and does not touch the ground (expressed in % of gait cycle) at different time frames. Swing ratio will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Swing symmetry ratio | The ratio of paretic and non-paretic swing with the numerator always being the greater of the two values, so that results are not skewed by values <1.0 (1.0 indicating perfect symmetry). Direction of asymmetry will be retained with a sign convention (e.g. +/- to indicate favoring of the paretic/non-paretic limb, respectively). | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Paretic swing variability | The average intra-subject variation in paretic swing between consecutive gait cycles. Swing will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Non-paretic swing variability | The average intra-subject variation in non-paretic swing between consecutive gait cycles. Swing will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Double support | The average portion of the cycle during which both feet touch the ground (expressed in % of cycle duration) at different time frames. Double support will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Double support variability | The average intra-subject variation in double support between consecutive gait cycles. Double support will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Paretic stride length | The average distance (expressed in meters) between two successive paretic footprints on the ground, from the heel of the paretic foot to the heel of the paretic foot, one cycle after, at different time frames. Stride length will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Non-paretic stride length | The average distance (expressed in meters) between two successive non-paretic footprints on the ground, from the heel of the non-paretic foot to the heel of the non-paretic foot, one cycle after, at different time frames. Stride length will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Stride length symmetry ratio | The ratio of paretic and non-paretic stride length with the numerator always being the greater of the two values, so that results are not skewed by values <1.0 (1.0 indicating perfect symmetry). Direction of asymmetry will be retained with a sign convention (e.g. +/- to indicate favoring of the paretic/non-paretic limb, respectively). | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Paretic stride length variability | The average intra-subject variation in paretic stride length between consecutive gait cycles. Stride length will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Other | Non-paretic stride length variability | The average intra-subject variation in non-paretic stride length between consecutive gait cycles. Stride length will be measured continuously (from the beginning till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6, 18 and 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Gross oxygen consumption (VO2) at rest | Average oxygen consumption (mL/kg/min). Oxygen consumption will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of walking). Offline calculations (e.g. averages) will be performed afterwards. | Minute 5 of 5-minute resting period | |
Primary | Gross oxygen consumption (VO2) at begin of walking | Average oxygen consumption (mL/kg/min). Oxygen consumption will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of walking). Offline calculations (e.g. averages) will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Gross oxygen consumption (VO2) at mid of walking | Average oxygen consumption (mL/kg/min). Oxygen consumption will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of walking). Offline calculations (e.g. averages) will be performed afterwards. | Minute 18 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Gross oxygen consumption (VO2) at end of walking | Average oxygen consumption (mL/kg/min). Oxygen consumption will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of walking). Offline calculations (e.g. averages) will be performed afterwards. | Minute 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Net oxygen consumption (VO2) | Change in average oxygen consumption (mL/kg/min) at different time frames during walking compared to rest. VO2 will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Change between average VO2 at minute 5 of rest and minute 6 of walking, at minute 5 of rest and minute 18 of walking, at minute 5 of rest and minute 30 of walking | |
Primary | Gross minute ventilation (VE) at rest | Average amount of air in- or exhaled (L/min). VE will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 5 of 5-minute resting period | |
Primary | Gross minute ventilation (VE) at begin of walking | Average amount of air in- or exhaled (L/min). VE will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Gross minute ventilation (VE) at mid of walking | Average amount of air in- or exhaled (L/min). VE will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 18 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Gross minute ventilation (VE) at end of walking | Average amount of air in- or exhaled (L/min). VE will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Net minute ventilation (VE) | Change in average amount of air in- or exhaled (L/min) at different time frames during walking compared to rest. VE will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Change between average VE at minute 5 of rest and minute 6 of walking, at minute 5 of rest and minute 18 of walking, at minute 5 of rest and minute 30 of walking | |
Primary | Gross respiration rate (RR) at rest | Average breaths per minute. Respiration rate will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 5 of 5-minute resting period | |
Primary | Gross respiration rate (RR) at begin of walking | Average breaths per minute. Respiration rate will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Gross respiration rate (RR) at mid of walking | Average breaths per minute. Respiration rate will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 18 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Gross respiration rate (RR) at end of walking | Average breaths per minute. Respiration rate will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Net respiration rate (RR) | Change in respiration rate (breaths per minute) at different time frames during walking compared to rest. Respiration rate will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Change between average respiration rate at minute 5 of rest and minute 6 of walking, at minute 5 of rest and minute 18 of walking, at minute 5 of rest and minute 30 of walking | |
Primary | Gross heart rate (HR) at rest | Average heart rate (beats/min). Heart rate will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 5 of 5-minute resting period | |
Primary | Gross heart rate (HR) at begin of walking | Average heart rate (beats/min). Heart rate will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Gross heart rate (HR) at mid of walking | Average heart rate (beats/min). Heart rate will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 18 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Gross heart rate (HR) at end of walking | Average heart rate (beats/min). Heart rate will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Net heart rate (HR) | Change in average heart rate (beats/min) at different time frames during walking compared to rest. Heart rate will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Change between average heart rate at minute 5 of rest and minute 6 of walking, at minute 5 of rest and minute 18 of walking, at minute 5 of rest and minute 30 of walking | |
Primary | Gross Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) at rest | RER is the ratio between the amount of CO2 produced by the body and the amount of VO2 consumed by the body (VCO2/VO2). This ratio gives an indication of the type of fuel used to produce ATP. | Minute 5 of 5-minute resting period | |
Primary | Gross Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) at begin of walking | RER is the ratio between the amount of CO2 produced by the body and the amount of VO2 consumed by the body (VCO2/VO2). This ratio gives an indication of the type of fuel used to produce ATP. | Minute 6 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Gross Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) at mid of walking | RER is the ratio between the amount of CO2 produced by the body and the amount of VO2 consumed by the body (VCO2/VO2). This ratio gives an indication of the type of fuel used to produce ATP. | Minute 18 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Gross Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) at end of walking | RER is the ratio between the amount of CO2 produced by the body and the amount of VO2 consumed by the body (VCO2/VO2). This ratio gives an indication of the type of fuel used to produce ATP. | Minute 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Net Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) | Change in RER at different time frames during walking compared to rest. RER will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of the walking session). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Change between average RER at minute 5 of rest and minute 6 of walking, at minute 5 of rest and minute 18 of walking, at minute 5 of rest and minute 30 of walking | |
Primary | Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) at begin of walking | Expression of the intensity of physical activity (at different time frames) defined as oxygen consumption during walking divided by reference oxygen consumption in rest. Oxygen consumption will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 6 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) at mid of walking | Expression of the intensity of physical activity (at different time frames) defined as oxygen consumption during walking divided by reference oxygen consumption in rest. Oxygen consumption will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards. | Minute 18 of 30-minute walking period | |
Primary | Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) at end of walking | Expression of the intensity of physical activity (at different time frames) defined as oxygen consumption during walking divided by reference oxygen consumption in rest. Oxygen consumption will be measured continuously (from the beginning of rest till the end of walking). Offline calculations will be performed afterwards | Minute 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Secondary | Gross perceived exertion (assessed by the 6-20 Borg scale) at rest | Rating of perceived effort, strain and/or fatigue pointed on a 15-point Borg scale (6-20). Borg score will be measured at the end of rest (min 5) and at the end of every minute of walking. | Minute 5 of 5-minute resting period | |
Secondary | Gross perceived exertion (assessed by the 6-20 Borg scale) at begin of walking | Rating of perceived effort, strain and/or fatigue pointed on a 15-point Borg scale (6-20). Borg score will be measured at the end of rest (min 5) and at the end of every minute of walking. | Minute 6 of 30-minute walking period | |
Secondary | Gross perceived exertion (assessed by the 6-20 Borg scale) at mid of walking | Rating of perceived effort, strain and/or fatigue pointed on a 15-point Borg scale (6-20). Borg score will be measured at the end of rest (min 5) and at the end of every minute of walking. | Minute 18 of 30-minute walking period | |
Secondary | Gross perceived exertion (assessed by the 6-20 Borg scale) at end of walking | Rating of perceived effort, strain and/or fatigue pointed on a 15-point Borg scale (6-20). Borg score will be measured at the end of rest (min 5) and at the end of every minute of walking. | Minute 30 of 30-minute walking period | |
Secondary | Net perceived exertion (assessed by the 6-20 Borg scale) | Change in Borg score at different time frames during walking compared to rest. Borg score will be measured at the end of rest (min 5) and at the end of every minute of walking. | Change between Borg score at minute 5 of rest and minute 6 of walking, at minute 5 of rest and minute 18 of walking, at minute 5 of rest and minute 30 of walking | |
Secondary | Total walking duration | Total walking duration the patient can achieve in a single walking session (with a maximum of 30 minutes) | Begin till end of walking (up to 30 minutes) |
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