Protein Supplementation and Muscle Recovery in Football

Skeletal Muscle Damage Clinical Trial

— PRO-FOOTBALL  

Official title:

Effect of Milk Protein Supplementation on Muscle Recovery and Football-specific Performance During an In-season Microcycle With Two Matches

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03348267
• Other study ID #: PROTEIN-FOOTBALL RECOVERY-UTH
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• First received: November 15, 2017
• Last updated: January 26, 2018
• Start date: May 1, 2016
• Est. completion date: September 15, 2016

Study information

• Verified date: January 2018
• Source: University of Thessaly
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Soccer is an intermittent sport including a high number of powerful actions such as accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction, jumps and impacts that incorporate a strong eccentric component and may therefore lead to skeletal muscle damage. Indeed, match activity is associated with the onset of muscle damage and an acute inflammatory response that result in attenuated performance for as long as 1 to 3 days. In competitive soccer though, multiple matches are performed within a small-time frame resulting in inadequate muscle recovery and reduced field performance. Supplementation with milk proteins following intense exercise protocols has been shown to stimulate protein synthesis and facilitate muscle recovery. Thus, the aim of the present investigation is to examine the effects of milk protein supplementation on muscle recovery and soccer-specific performance during an in-season microcycle with two matches performed three days apart.

Description:

In a double-blind, cross over, repeated measures design 20 men soccer players will receive either placebo (PLA) or milk protein isolate (PRO, 80% casein-20% whey) throughout recovery following two matches performed three days apart. On match days, players will receive a dose immediately after the match (PLA vs PRO: 25g of protein) and then at 3h (PLA vs PRO: 30g of protein) and 6h (PLA vs PRO: 25g of protein) post-match. On each day of the remaining days, players will consume a single dose of PLA or PRO (20g of protein) with breakfast. All players will participate in regular in-season training following matches. Field activity during both matches and daily practices will be monitored using GPS devices. Heart rate will be continuously recorded during each match and training session. Blood samples will be collected at baseline as well as 2 hours after the first match, daily for three days after the first match, 2 hours after the second match and daily for 3 days after the second match. Performance (isokinetic strength, 20-m speed, repeated sprint ability) and muscle soreness will be assessed at baseline daily for 3 days after both matches. Muscle biopsies from vastus lateralis will be collected at baseline and one day after each match.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 20
• Est. completion date: September 15, 2016
• Est. primary completion date: June 30, 2016
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Male
• Age group: 18 Years to 25 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• i) participation at elite level (top three division leagues) of soccer competition for at least five years, ii) abstain from consumption of performance-enhancing supplements, antioxidant supplements and medications (for at least 6 months before and during the study), iv) participate in at least six two-hour training sessions per week and played at least one match per week and v) non-smokers.

Exclusion Criteria:

• i) a known milk intolerance or allergy, ii) a recent febrile illness, iii) history of muscle lesion, iv) lower limb trauma and v) metabolic diseases.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Inflammation
• Muscle Inflammation
• Muscle Recovery
• Myositis
• Skeletal Muscle Damage
• Soccer Performance

Intervention

Dietary Supplement:
• Milk protein isolate
Milk protein isolate in a powder form consisted of 80% casein and 20% whey protein. 20g were diluted into 500 ml water
• Placebo
500 mL drink that contained water (375 mL), sugar-free cordial (125 mL) and 2 g of low-calorie glucose/dextrose powder.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Greece	Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly	Tríkala

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Thessaly

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Greece, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Change in creatine kinase in plasma	Concentration of creatine kinase will be measured in plasma	At baseline, at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 1 as well as at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in uric acid in plasma	Concentration of uric acid will be measured in plasma	At baseline, at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 1 as well as at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in protein carbonyls in blood	Concentration of protein carbonyls will be measured in red blood cells	At baseline, at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 1 as well as at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in total antioxidant capacity	Total antioxidant capacity will be measured in plasma	At baseline, at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 1 as well as at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in reduced glutathione in blood	Concentration of reduced glutathione will be measured in in red blood cells	At baseline, at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 1 as well as at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in oxidized glutathione in blood	Concentration of oxidized glutathione will be measured in red blood cells	At baseline, at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 1 as well as at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in malondialdehyde in blood	Concentration of malondialdehyde will be measured in serum	At baseline, at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 1 as well as at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in catalase activity	Catalase activity will be measured in red blood cells	At baseline, at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 1 as well as at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in protein carbonyls in muscle	Concentration of protein carbonyls will be measured in muscle	At baseline, 24h post-Match 1 and 24h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in intracellular signaling proteins in muscle	Phosphorylation levels of Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70S6K will be measure using western blotting.	At baseline, 24h post-Match 1 and 24h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in proteasome activities in muscle	Chymotrypsin-like (CT-L), caspase-like (C-L) and trypsin-like (T-L) proteasome activities will be assayed with hydrolysis of the fluorogenic peptide LLVY-AMC, LLE-AMC and LSTR-AMC, respectively.	At baseline, 24h post-Match 1 and 24h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in satellite cells in muscle	Pax7, Myf5, MyoD and Myogenin will be measured in order to quantify quiescent, activated, proliferated-differentiated and fused satellite cells respectively.	At baseline, 24h post-Match 1 and 24h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in repeated Sprint Ability	5 x 30 m sprints will be performed with 25 seconds rest in-between. Mean time for 5 sprints and fatigue index will be calculated.	At baseline, at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 1 as well as at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in countermovement jump	Countermovement jump will be assessed on a contact platform	At baseline, at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 1 as well as at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in isokinetic strength of lower limbs	Isokinetic strength will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer for both knee extensors and knee flexors at 120 and 180 degrees.	At baseline, at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 1 as well as at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 2
Primary	Change in match activity	Match activity will be continuously recorded during both matches using GPS technology.	During Match 1 and Match 2
Primary	Change in heart rate	Heart rate will be continuously recorded during both matches using the Team Polar system.	During Match 1 and Match 2
Secondary	Change in delayed onset of muscle soreness	Muscle soreness will assessed during palpation of the muscle belly and the distal region of relaxed vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and rectus femoris following three repetitions of of a full squat. Subjects will rate their DOMS on a visual analogue scale (0-10).	At baseline, at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 1 as well as at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 2
Secondary	Dietary intake	Dietary intake will be assessed using 7-day diet recalls.	Over a 7-day period at baseline.
Secondary	Change in white blood cell count.	White blood cell count will be measured using an automatic blood analyzer.	At baseline, immediately after Match 1, at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 1 as well as immediately after Match 2 and at 24h, 48h and 72h post-Match 2.