View clinical trials related to Respiratory Tract Infections.
Filter by:A total sample size of 875 healthy volunteers ages ≥18 years will be recruited in this study in the ratio of 2:1:2:1:1. Group 1: (BBV154 in COVAXIN recipients): In this group, 250 participants will be recruited and administered with a booster dose of BBV154 vaccine in form of drops (0.5 mL) via intranasal route, in individuals previously vaccinated with COVAXIN. Group 2: (BBV152(COVAXIN) in COVAXIN recipients): In this group, 125 participants will be recruited and administered with a booster dose of BBV152 vaccine, in individuals previously vaccinated with COVAXIN. Group 3: (BBV154 in COVISHIELD recipients) In this group, 250 participants will be recruited and administered with a booster dose of BBV154 vaccine, in individuals previously vaccinated with COVISHIELD. Group 4: (BBV152(COVAXIN) in COVISHIELD recipients) In this group, 125 participants will be recruited and administered with a booster dose of BBV152 (COVAXIN) vaccine, in individuals previously vaccinated with COVISHIELD. Group 5: (COVISHIELD in COVISHIELD recipients) In this group, 125 participants will be recruited and administered with a booster dose of Covishield vaccine, in individuals previously vaccinated with COVISHIELD.
To determine whether a strategy of adding venovenous ECMO to mechanical ventilation, as compared to mechanical ventilation alone, increases the number of intensive care free days at day 60, in patients with moderate to severe acute hypoxic respiratory failure.
Approximately 90% of antibiotics are prescribed in primary healthcare (PHC) in Canada (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2020), making this an important sector for antimicrobial stewardship. Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) represent a common indication in PHC for which antibiotics are often prescribed unnecessarily (Leis et al, 2020; Schwartz et al., 2020). Reducing unnecessary antibiotic treatment in this sector is a vital part of contributing to minimizing the global burden of antibiotic resistance. The goal of this research project is to reduce the number of antibiotic prescriptions among family physicians identified as high prescribers in Saskatchewan. To achieve this, the investigators will send letters to the top 25th percentile of high prescribers in PHC. The letters will contain data indicating the prescribers high antimicrobial usage as well as guidance for reducing unnecessary prescriptions and promoting appropriate lengths of prescriptions for upper respiratory tract infections.
Tuberculosis (TB) is the biggest infectious cause of death worldwide, and the biggest cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa among HIV-positive patients. There is need for a non-sputum-based rapid triage test that identifies individuals with presumptive TB requiring confirmatory diagnostic investigation. Such a test could reduce the burden on health systems, expedite referral and confirmatory testing, and treatment thereby reducing transmission. A non-sputum triage test is needed as many symptomatic patients including those with HIV, can often not produce high quality sputum (which most current diagnostics rely on). Several blood transcriptional diagnostic signatures produced due to immune responses to M. tuberculosis infection have previously been described, however there is lack of real-world performance data especially in high TB/HIV-endemic African settings where rates of HIV (that could compromise sensitivity) and previous TB (that could compromise specificity) are high. Furthermore, by building on prior research that used untargeted sequencing approaches to identify candidate signatures, the investigators are now at a stage to perform the targeted signature measurement at a large scale and cost-efficient manner as part of prospective diagnostic accuracy analyses in real-world settings. Using the framework provided by an EDCTP-funded parent study (SeroSelectTB; PI Holm-Hansen), which is a pan-African evaluation of a point-of-care serological test for active TB, RADIANT has a unique opportunity to pursue several important research questions. RADIANT aims are to 1) evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of selected concise peripheral host transcriptional signatures for active TB among symptomatic persons in South Africa; 2) design a cost-optimised diagnostic algorithm based on transcriptional signatures, SeroSelectTB results, and confirmatory bacteriological testing, and 3) characterise bacteriologically-negative patients classified as non-TB to determine if those with elevated host transcriptional signatures (n=100 expected) have other respiratory pathogens (detected in nasopharyngeal swabs using a commercial multiplex panel) and/or develop active TB within six months (incident active TB).
Type I interferons (IFN-I) production is induced by the detection of viral molecules, such as RNA or DNA viral strands, through pattern recognition receptors (PRR) present on many immune cell types. Despite a minimal concentration, IFN-I secretion activate the secretion, by neighbouring cells, of more than 700 proteins with antiviral properties (inhibition of viral replication, destabilization of virus membranes, etc.). IFN-I constitute therefore one of the major first line of defence established by the immune system in response to viral infection. Briefly, during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, several teams including ours, highlighted a lack of IFN-I response in approximately one in five individuals presenting a severe form of COVID-19. Interestingly, within a large part of them, in vitro investigations revealed the presence of autoantibodies presenting neutralizing capacities against alpha and/or omega interferons This finding confirms the deleterious role of anti-IFN-I autoantibodies on the antiviral immune response and the key role of IFN-I pathway regarding defences against COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, those observations pave the way to interesting research that would allow understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of severe viral respiratory infection. The research hypothesis are: i) IFN-I deficiency could induce severe forms of viral infections which could lead to intensive care admission ii) IFN-I deficiency could increase viral loads in nasopharyngeal samples, and be associated with protracted viral clearance iii) The frequency of viral co-infections may be higher in case of IFN-I antiviral pathway blockade, iv) severe forms of respiratory viruses' infections could be induced by other anti-cytokine autoantibodies. In addition to confirming research hypotheses recently mentioned, the aim of this clinical protocol will be to assess the impact of antiviral innate immune response alterations in severe respiratory infections.
This trial is taking place in Los Angeles, CA at clinics within the Los Angeles Department of Health clinics. The study design is a comparative effectiveness trial design. Patients will be randomized into 1) receiving enhanced texting with a callback by a trained call-center staff member to schedule a vaccine visit if the patient presses "1" in response to the text, 2) receiving enhanced bidirectional texting with a texting response from a trained call-center staff member who will help the patient schedule a vaccine visit through a series of back-and-forth texts, or 3) standard text reminders (control group). Patients in all arms will receive reminders if they are due for influenza vaccine. Despite the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendation in 2010 that all people above 6 months of age should receive an annual flu vaccine, vaccination rates remain low: at 6m-4.9 yrs. (70%), 5-17.9 yrs. (56%), 18-64.9 yrs. (38%), and >65 yrs. (63%). The investigators will assess the effectiveness of enhanced text R/R messages as compared to the standard of care control (standard text reminders).
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Registry of University Hospital of Ioannina. Retrospective datasource registry with quantitative and qualitative patient data from the hospital medical records. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory parameters are recorded on 7 different time points (day: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15) concerning 793 variables of interest in an electronic (computerised) database. Patients are also followed-up after 90 days from hospital discharge (number of visits of follow-up depends on patient's health status) at the Post-COVID and Long-term effects of coronavirus (long COVID) outpatient clinic of University Hospital of Ioannina. Data from this outpatient clinic are also recorded in an electronic database (189 variables of concern for each patient)
The main objectives of the trial are to assess the efficacy and safety of trimodulin as adjunctive treatment to standard of care (SoC) compared to placebo plus SoC in adult hospitalized subjects with non-severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or moderate / severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Other objectives are to determine pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of trimodulin.
This trial is taking place in Los Angeles, CA at clinics within the UCLA Health System. The study design is a 2x2 nested factorial design. Patients will be randomized into 1) receiving text based reminder messages with direct scheduling link, 2) portal-based reminder messages with direct scheduling link, or 3) the control group. Patients randomized to the intervention arms will receive reminders if they are due for influenza vaccine. Nested within the portal reminder arm, we will have two additional components for which patients will be randomized separately: 1. A pre-commitment prompt, asking patients which time (September, October, November or December) and which place (UCLA, pharmacy, workplace or school, or other) they plan to get their Influenza vaccine with tailored monthly messages based on responses (pre-commitment message with tailored recall messages with direct scheduling vs. standard portal reminders with direct scheduling). 2. A pre-appointment reminder encouraging patients to ask for their influenza vaccine at their upcoming appointment (pre-appointment reminder encouraging influenza vaccination vs. standard pre-appointment reminder not mentioning influenza vaccination) Nested within the text message reminder arm, we will have one additional component for which patients will be randomized separately: 1) A pre-appointment reminder encouraging patients to ask for their influenza vaccine at their upcoming appointment (pre-appointment reminder encouraging influenza vaccination vs. standard pre-appointment reminder not mentioning influenza vaccination) Despite the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendation in 2010 that all people above 6 months of age should receive an annual flu vaccine, vaccination rates remain low: at 6m-4.9 yrs. (70%), 5-17.9 yrs. (56%), 18-64.9 yrs. (38%), and >65 yrs. (63%). The investigators will assess the effectiveness of MyChart R/R messages and text R/R messages as compared to the standard of care control (no messages).
Group 1 (BBV154): In this group, 3000 participants will be recruited, randomized in 1:1:1 ratio receive 3 consecutive lots (Lot 1: 1000, Lot 2: 1000, Lot 3: 1000) of the BBV154 vaccine (0.5 mL each dose) on day 0 and day 28 via intranasal route. Group 2 (COVAXIN®): In this group, 160 participants will be recruited and administered with COVAXIN® vaccine on day 0 and on day 28 via intramuscular route. A total sample size of 3160 healthy volunteer's age's ≥18 years will be recruited in this study. BBV154-Subjects- Part 1 ( Immunogenicity Group)- First 640 Subjects BBV154-Subjects- Part 2 ( Safety Group)- (Remaining 2520 subjects) Visit 1: Baseline (Day 0) Visit 2 (Day 28+2) Visit 3 (Day 42 ± 7 days) Visit 4 (Day 90 ± 7 days) and Visit 5 (Day 180± 7 days)