View clinical trials related to Postmenopause.
Filter by:To develop and evaluate a comprehensive lifestyle self-management (CLSM) program (low-fat vegetarian diet, smoking cessation and stress management training) for postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease and Type II (non-insulin dependent) diabetes.
To evaluate the cardiovascular effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and the suspected beneficial effects on myocardial infarction and stroke.
To evaluate whether the use of noncontraceptive estrogen influenced the incidence of first myocardial infarction in women.
To evaluate whether the long-term use of oral contraceptives, after discontinuation, was associated with an increased incidence of first nonfatal myocardial infarction among women above the age of 50.
Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) and heart disease are much more common in men than in women. However, as women grow older, especially after menopause the incidence of atherosclerosis and heart disease increases. These findings suggest that estrogen may be protective and help in preventing heart disease. Studies of large groups of post-menopausal women suggest that hormone replacement therapy (therapy that includes estrogen) reduces the risk of heart disease. Estrogen causes favorable changes in particles that carry cholesterol in the blood stream and improves function of blood vessels. Estrogen may also stimulate the immune system's ability to fight off infections that may lead to or contribute to atherosclerosis. Researchers believe two specific infectious agents (Chlamydia pneumoniae and human cytomegalovirus) may cause damage to the lining of blood vessels resulting in inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study is to determine if estrogen treatment can change how the immune system responds to chronic infections, by Chlamydia pneumoniae and human cytomegalovirus, in postmenopausal women.
Estrogen therapy has been associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease events in observational studies of postmenopausal women. Although favorable effects of estrogen on lipoprotein cholesterol levels probably account for much of this benefit, direct vascular effects (vasomotor, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory) regulated by nitric oxide (NO) may also be of importance. We have recently shown that vasodilator effects of estrogen in the coronary circulation are due to enhanced bioactivity of NO released from the endothelium. Estrogen has been shown to stimulate synthesis and activity of the enzyme NO synthase with enhanced NO synthesis in endothelial cells in culture. Because L-arginine is the natural substrate for the enzyme NO synthase, we propose that the combination of L-arginine and estrogen might have additive vasomotor, hemostatic and anti-inflammatory effects in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women.
To determine the acceptability and benefits of use of a dietary supplement of the phytoestrogen, genistein, versus placebo on heart disease risk factors, bone density, and psychosocial outcomes in postmenopausal women.
To address cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis, the most common causes of death, disability, and impaired quality of life in postmenopausal women. The three major components of the WHI are: a randomized controlled clinical trial of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), dietary modification (DM), and calcium/vitamin D supplementation (CaD); an observational study (OS); and a community prevention study (CPS). On October 1, 1997, administration of the WHI was transferred to the NHLBI where it is conducted as a consortium effort led by the NHLBI in cooperation with the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the National Institute on Aging (NIA).
To determine if postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy in women following coronary bypass surgery would reduce the occurrence of graft occlusion and delay the development of graft atherosclerosis.
To determine if estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women with unstable angina reduces the incidence of ischemic episodes.