Physical Activity Clinical Trial
Official title:
Days in Motion: A Planning Intervention Study With Couples to Enhance Daily Physical Activity (DiM)
Regular physical activity is one prominent health-protective behaviour which might increase
with the help of self-regulatory strategies such as action planning.
The aim of this randomised controlled trial is to examine changes in daily moderate physical
activity in couples following (a) a dyadic planning intervention, (b) an individual planning
intervention or (c) a no-planning control condition. Changes in daily physical activity will
be examined over a period of one year.
It is assumed that target persons from couples receiving a dyadic planning intervention will
show greater increases in daily physical activity than target persons from couples receiving
an individual planning intervention. For couples receiving a dyadic planning intervention or
an individual planning intervention, it is hypothesized that target persons will show higher
increases in daily physical activity than target persons from couples participating in the
no-planning control condition.
Regular physical activity reduces the risk of a number of grave chronic diseases, including
many forms of cancer. Guidelines indicate that increasing moderate physical activity by 30
to 60 minutes on at least 5 days of the week should already be associated with such
significant health benefits. However, recent epidemiologic information indicates that only
about 20% of the German adult population fully meet this important health behaviour goal.
Despite this relatively moderate recommended increase in physical activity and an apparently
high acceptance of goals to increase moderate daily physical activity, many people fall
short of goal achievement, as the implementation and maintenance of behaviour change often
fails. Therefore, aside from enhancing motivational factors, interventions promoting
health-behaviour change (e.g., increase in physical activity), are now commonly extended to
address volitional strategies, such as action planning. Action planning aids individuals in
translating their goals into behaviour. By forming action plans, individuals link
situational cues ('when' and 'where' specifications of critical situations) to behavioural
responses ('what to do' or 'how to act') in an 'if-then'-format. Available findings suggest
that action planning aside from its direct effects on behaviour change, including increase
in physical activity, also fosters other self-regulation strategies that are effective in
the implementation and maintenance of changes in health-related behaviour. Research on
action planning so far mainly focuses on its benefits for the individual's self-regulation
of behaviour. To date there is little evidence on the role of the close social environment
in planning health-behaviour change. However, married and cohabiting individuals often try
to and succeed in coregulating their partners' health behaviour, including partners' levels
of physical activity. Therefore, in the proposed study, an extension of individual action
planning to the level of the dyad, i.e., dyadic planning, will be examined, along with
associated mechanisms fit to aid the process of increasing physical activity. Dyadic
planning refers to creating together with a partner if-then plans on when, where and how the
individual target person will implement a new behaviour (e.g., be more physically active).
We hypothesise that dyadic planning leads to higher increases in daily physical activity
when compared to individual planning or no planning.
In the proposed randomised controlled trial, we will compare changes in daily moderate
physical activity in N = 346 adults (primary outcome) and their partners who receive a
general motivational treatment to enhance daily physical activity and are then randomly
assigned to one of three intervention conditions: (a) a dyadic planning intervention, in
which target persons form action plans to increase daily physical activity together with
their partners, or (b) an individual planning intervention, in which target persons form
such action plans individually and partners receive a distraction task, or (c) a no-planning
control condition, in which target persons do not receive instructions for action planning,
but perform a distraction task together with their partners. The study will entail an
experimental longitudinal design with a baseline assessment (T0), an intervention session
one week following baseline (T1) and follow-up assessments at 1 week (T2), 6 (T3; primary
endpoint), 19 (T4), 26 (T6), and 52 (T7) weeks following the main intervention session. A
booster intervention (T5) will take place 20 weeks after the main intervention session, i.e.
1 week following T4. Objective measurement of daily physical activity will include 4
one-week (T0, T2, T3, T7) accelerometer assessments. Additionally, further objective
measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratios along with
self-report assessments from target persons and partners will be collected. Proposed
mechanisms of the total intervention effect along with covariates will be assessed mostly
via self-report.
Results of this study will contribute to the still limited understanding of the interplay of
individual and dyadic regulation in the increase of daily physical activity and its
maintenance, both in persons targeted by the intervention and in their partners. Findings
will guide further development of this economical dyadic planning intervention that can be
straightforwardly implemented in clinical settings to support the initiation and maintenance
of preventive behaviour in couples. Furthermore, this theoretically-derived dyadic planning
intervention can easily be extended to other domains of health-behaviour change.
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Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Prevention
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