Recovery of Performance, Muscle Damage and Neuromuscular Fatigue Following Muscle Power Training

Power Training Exercise Protocols Clinical Trial

— PoTrRec  

Official title:

Investigation on the Recovery Kinetics of Performance, Muscle Damage and Neuromuscular Fatigue Indicators, Following Different Protocols for Muscle Power Development

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Terminated

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03936595
• Other study ID #: Power Training-Recovery UTH
• Status: Terminated
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: May 6, 2019
• Est. completion date: June 28, 2019

Study information

• Verified date: December 2020
• Source: University of Thessaly
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Muscle power is one of the most important parameters in almost every athletic action, and expresses the ability of the human muscle to produce great amounts of force with the greatest possible speed. Thus, muscle power is critical for high performance in athletic actions such as jumping, throwing, change of direction and sprinting. For enhancing their muscle power, athletes comprise several resistance training programs as part of their training. Muscle power training comprises of eccentric muscle actions, and the magnitude of these actions depend on the emphasis that is given on the concentric or eccentric action, respectively, of the muscles during the exercises. However, eccentric muscle action, especially when unaccustomed, can lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), and deterioration of muscle performance. Despite the fact that muscle power training comprises eccentric muscle actions, and consequently can lead to muscle injury and muscle performance reduction during the following days, the recovery kinetics after acute muscle power training have not been adequately studied. However, information regarding the recovery of the muscles after a power training protocol, is critical for the correct design of a training microcycle, and the reduction of injury risk. The aim of the present study is to investigate the muscle injury provoked after acute muscle power training using three different power training exercise protocols. Additionally, we will examine the effect of these protocols on muscle performance and neuromuscular fatigue indices.

Description:

Muscle power is one of the most important parameters in almost every athletic action, and expresses the ability of the human muscle to produce great amounts of force with the greatest possible speed. Thus, muscle power is critical for high performance in athletic actions such as jumping, throwing, change of direction and sprinting. For enhancing their muscle power, athletes comprise several resistance training programs as part of their training. Core exercises as long as Olympic lifting has been used in muscle power training. The loads that are applied regarding the accomplishment of the most favorable power production are varying. Training load of 0% 1RM favored power production at the countermovement squat jump, while loads of 56% 1rm and 80% 1RM, favored the power production at squat and hang clean, respectively. Additionally, In the recent years, accentuated eccentric training has been proposed as a new training method for the enhancement of muscle power. This method emphasizes the eccentric component of the muscle contraction, and there is evidence supporting the greater production of muscle force after accentuated eccentric training compared with the typical resistance exercise training method. Taking the above into consideration, muscle power training comprises of eccentric muscle actions, and the magnitude of the eccentric component depends on the emphasis that is given on the concentric or eccentric action, respectively, of the muscles during the exercises. However, eccentric muscle action, especially when unaccustomed, can lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Although concentric and isometric exercise may also lead to muscle injury, the amount of damage after eccentric muscle contractions is greater. EIMD, amongst others, is accompanied by increased levels of creatine kinase (CK) into the circulation, increased delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), reduction of force production, reduction of flexibility speed. Despite the fact that muscle power training comprises eccentric muscle actions, and consequently can lead to muscle injury and muscle performance reduction during the following days, the recovery kinetics after acute muscle power training protocols have not been adequately studied. However, information regarding the recovery of the muscles after a power training protocol, is critical for the correct design of a training microcycle, and the reduction of injury risk. The aim of the present study is to investigate the muscle injury provoked after muscle acute power training using three different power training exercise protocols. Additionally, the effect of these protocols on muscle performance and neuromuscular fatigue indices will be examined.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Terminated
• Enrollment: 10
• Est. completion date: June 28, 2019
• Est. primary completion date: June 16, 2019
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Male
• Age group: 18 Years to 35 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• No recent history of musculoskeletal injury
• No use of ergogenic supplements and drugs
• No use of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant supplements (> 6 months)
• No participation at intense eccentric exercise for at least 3 days before protocols

Exclusion Criteria:

• Recent history of musculoskeletal injury
• Use of ergogenic supplements and drugs
• Use of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant supplements (< 6 months)
• Participation at intense eccentric exercise for at least 3 days before protocols

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Fatigue
• Power Training Exercise Protocols

Intervention

Other:
• Core exercises protocol
Participants will perform: Squats, 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 60% 1RM Deadlifts, 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 60% 1RM Lunges, 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 60% 1RM Step ups, 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 60% 1RM
• Structural exercises protocol
Participants will perform: Snatch, 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 60% 1RM Hang clean, 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 60% 1RM Push jerk, 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 60% 1RM Split push jerk, 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 60% 1RM
• Accentuated eccentric load exercises protocol
Participants will perform: Deadlifts - squat jump, 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 30% body mass (BM) Step down - squat jump, 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 30% BM Step down - lunges, 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 30% BM Hip thrusts, 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 30% BM
• Control condition
Participants will perform all the measurements that are comprised in the experimental conditions without performing any exercise protocol

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Greece	Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Physiology,and Sports Nutrition, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly	Trikala	Thessaly

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Thessaly

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Greece, 

References & Publications (6)

Baird MF, Graham SM, Baker JS, Bickerstaff GF. Creatine-kinase- and exercise-related muscle damage implications for muscle performance and recovery. J Nutr Metab. 2012;2012:960363. doi: 10.1155/2012/960363. Epub 2012 Jan 11. — View Citation

Cormie P, McCaulley GO, Triplett NT, McBride JM. Optimal loading for maximal power output during lower-body resistance exercises. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Feb;39(2):340-9. — View Citation

Deli CK, Fatouros IG, Paschalis V, Georgakouli K, Zalavras A, Avloniti A, Koutedakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. A Comparison of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Following Maximal Eccentric Contractions in Men and Boys. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2017 Aug;29(3):316-325. doi: 10.1123/pes.2016-0185. Epub 2017 Feb 6. — View Citation

Jamurtas AZ, Theocharis V, Tofas T, Tsiokanos A, Yfanti C, Paschalis V, Koutedakis Y, Nosaka K. Comparison between leg and arm eccentric exercises of the same relative intensity on indices of muscle damage. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005 Oct;95(2-3):179-85. Epub 2005 Jul 9. — View Citation

Kyröläinen H, Avela J, McBride JM, Koskinen S, Andersen JL, Sipilä S, Takala TE, Komi PV. Effects of power training on muscle structure and neuromuscular performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2005 Feb;15(1):58-64. — View Citation

Walker S, Blazevich AJ, Haff GG, Tufano JJ, Newton RU, Häkkinen K. Greater Strength Gains after Training with Accentuated Eccentric than Traditional Isoinertial Loads in Already Strength-Trained Men. Front Physiol. 2016 Apr 27;7:149. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00149. eCollection 2016. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Change on delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs	Participants will perform three repetitions of a full squat movement, and rate their soreness level in knee flexors and extensors on a visual analog scale from 1 to 10 (VAS, with "no pain" at one end and "extremely sore" at the other), using palpation of the belly and the distal region of relaxed knee extensors and flexors.	Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
Primary	Change on countermovement jump (CMJ) height	CMJ height will be measured in 3 maximal efforts (the best jump will be recorded) on an Ergojump contact platform	Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
Primary	Change on isometric peak torque of the knee extensors (KE)	Isometric peak torque of the KE will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60?/sec	Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
Primary	Change on isometric peak torque of the knee flexors (KF)	Isometric peak torque of the KF will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60?/sec	Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
Primary	Change on concentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee extensors (KE)	Concentric peak torque of the KE will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60?/sec	Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
Primary	Change on concentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee flexors (KF)	Concentric peak torque of the KF will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60?/sec	Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
Primary	Change one eccentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee extensors (KE)	Eccentric peak torque of the KE will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60?/sec	Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
Primary	Change on eccentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee flexors (KF)	Eccentric peak torque of the KF will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60?/sec	Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
Primary	Change on the concentration of plasma CK activity	Plasma CK activity will be measured with a biochemical analyzer	Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol
Primary	Change on the concentration of blood lactate	Lactate will be measured with a portable lactate analyzer using capillary blood	Prior to, and immediately after the end of the experimental protocol