Trial of Dichloroacetate in Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency:

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Clinical Trial

— DCA/PDCD  

Official title:

Phase 3 Trial of Dichloroacetate in Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency:

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Active, not recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02616484
• Other study ID #: IRB201500698 - A - N
• Secondary ID: R01FD005407FD-R-
• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Phase: Phase 3
• Start date: July 14, 2020
• Est. completion date: March 30, 2025

Study information

• Verified date: June 2023
• Source: University of Florida
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The objective of this research study is to conduct a pivotal phase 3 trial of treatment with the investigational drug dichloroacetate (DCA) in young children with deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). PDC deficiency (PDCD) is the most common cause of congenital lactic acidosis and is a frequently fatal metabolic disease of childhood for which no proven treatment exists. The investigators predict that DCA represents targeted potential therapy for PDCD because of its ability to increase both the catalytic activity and stability of the enzyme complex. The conclusions of numerous laboratory and clinical investigations are consistent with this postulate and have led to the designation of DCA as an Orphan Product for congenital lactic acidosis by the Food and Drug Administration. A novel Observer reported outcome (ObsRO) survey that is completed by study participant's parent/caregiver, is the efficacy outcome measure. Funding Source - FDA OOPD

Description:

Clinical sites will be established across the United States for study participation. The investigators will conduct a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of 24 children, aged 6 months through 17 years, with confirmed diagnosis of PDC Deficiency. Study participants complete Screening procedures at Visit 1 to confirm eligibility for study participation. Screening study procedures include medical history review and physical exam; blood and urine collection, and collection of cheek (buccal) cells; training to complete the ObsRO daily survey. The ObsRO is a survey developed for this study to evaluate how study participants are feeling and functioning in the home setting. The ObsRO survey is completed by the study participant parent/caregiver every day during both treatment periods (study medication and placebo) of study participation (approximately 9 months). During treatment period 1 and 2 (4 months of study medication and 5 months of placebo), the study participant will communicate with the study team at least 2 times per month to evaluate the child's level of health, and compliance with daily survey completion and taking the study medication. Study participants complete Baseline study procedures at Visit 2 prior to randomization to treatment. Baseline study procedures include, medical history review and physical exam; blood and urine collection; 3 day food record. The study medication will be shipped to the study participants home each month of study participation. Safety labs are completed during each randomization period (month 3 and month 5). The safety labs can be completed at the clinical trial site, or at any standard clinical laboratory. Study participants will complete a study visit after each randomization period (month 5 and 9) to complete study assessments at the same clinical site. Visit study procedures include medical history review and physical exam; blood and urine collection; 3 day food record. Study participants who complete both treatment periods and did not sustain serious adverse events attributable to DCA, will be offered continued access to investigational medication DCA through an open-label access program until the study concludes. Study participants must sign a separate consent form for participation in the open-label access phase of this clinical trial and must complete a study visit every 6 months at the same clinical site for study assessments that include medical history review and physical exam, blood and urine collection. The study medication will continue to be mailed to the study participant during the open-label phase at the same dose received during the blinded phase of the study. Study participants will be stratified according to their predicted rate of DCA metabolism and clearance, based on genotyping prior to randomization (completed at visit 1 buccal cell collection). Study participants will continue whatever diet and other "standard of care" is deemed appropriate by their local expert clinicians.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Enrollment: 34
• Est. completion date: March 30, 2025
• Est. primary completion date: March 30, 2025
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 6 Months to 17 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 6 m through 17 y
• Presence of characteristic clinical or metabolic features of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDCD) and
• Presence of a known pathogenic mutation of a gene that is specifically associated with PDCD. Exclusion Criteria: A genetic mitochondrial disease other than those stipulated under inclusion criteria Primary disorders of amino acid metabolism; primary disorders of fatty acid oxidation Secondary lactic acidosis due to impaired oxygenation or circulation (cardiomyopathy or congenital heart defect) Renal insufficiency (defined as: requires chronic dialysis or serum creatinine = 1.2 mg/dl; creatinine clearance <60 ml/min Primary hepatic disease unrelated to PDCD Pregnancy or breast feeding

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency
• Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Disease

Intervention

Drug:
• Dichloroacetate (DCA)
Study medication DCA is a liquid formulation mixed with an artificial sweetener containing aspartame and strawberry extract (50mg/mL) Participants will be genotyped to determine GSTZ1 (glutathione S-transferase Zeta-1) haplotype status, which will stratify this group into 1 of 2 dose regimens: EGT carriers will receive 12-14 mg/kg/12hr DCA. EGT non-carriers will receive 6-7 mg/kg/12 hr.

Other:
• Placebo
Participants will receive the same volume of placebo in liquid form given during DCA treatment arm. Liquid will be an exact replication of DCA formulation with no DCA added.

Genetic:
• Genotype
Participants will be genotyped to determine GSTZ1 haplotype status.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center	Cleveland	Ohio
United States	University of Florida	Gainesville	Florida
United States	Children's Hospital of Orange County	Orange	California
United States	Children's Hospital of Philadelphia	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh	Pittsburgh	Pennsylvania
United States	University of Utah	Salt Lake City	Utah
United States	Seattle Children's Hospital	Seattle	Washington
United States	Stanford University	Stanford	California
United States	Children's National Medical Center	Washington	District of Columbia

Sponsors (4)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Florida	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Medosome Biotec LLC, Saol Therapeutics Inc

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (36)

Abdelmalak M, Lew A, Ramezani R, Shroads AL, Coats BS, Langaee T, Shankar MN, Neiberger RE, Subramony SH, Stacpoole PW. Long-term safety of dichloroacetate in congenital lactic acidosis. Mol Genet Metab. 2013 Jun;109(2):139-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.03.019. Epub 2013 Apr 6. — View Citation

Berendzen K, Theriaque DW, Shuster J, Stacpoole PW. Therapeutic potential of dichloroacetate for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Mitochondrion. 2006 Jun;6(3):126-35. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2006.04.001. Epub 2006 May 3. — View Citation

Chu PI, Curry SH, Baumgartner TG, Henderson GN, Stacpoole PW. Preparation and stability of intravenous solutions of sodium dichloroacetate (DCA). J Parenter Sci Technol. 1992 Jan-Feb;46(1):16-8. — View Citation

DeBrosse SD, Okajima K, Zhang S, Nakouzi G, Schmotzer CL, Lusk-Kopp M, Frohnapfel MB, Grahame G, Kerr DS. Spectrum of neurological and survival outcomes in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) deficiency: lack of correlation with genotype. Mol Genet Metab. 2012 Nov;107(3):394-402. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.09.001. Epub 2012 Sep 7. — View Citation

Dunbar EM, Coats BS, Shroads AL, Langaee T, Lew A, Forder JR, Shuster JJ, Wagner DA, Stacpoole PW. Phase 1 trial of dichloroacetate (DCA) in adults with recurrent malignant brain tumors. Invest New Drugs. 2014 Jun;32(3):452-64. doi: 10.1007/s10637-013-0047-4. Epub 2013 Dec 3. — View Citation

Duncan GE, Perkins LA, Theriaque DW, Neiberger RE, Stacpoole PW. Dichloroacetate therapy attenuates the blood lactate response to submaximal exercise in patients with defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Apr;89(4):1733-8. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031684. — View Citation

Evans OB, Stacpoole PW. Prolonged hypolactatemia and increased total pyruvate dehydrogenase activity by dichloroacetate. Biochem Pharmacol. 1982 Apr 1;31(7):1295-300. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(82)90019-3. — View Citation

Felitsyn NM, Henderson GN, James MO, Stacpoole PW. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of delta-ALA, tyrosine and creatinine in biological fluids. Clin Chim Acta. 2004 Dec;350(1-2):219-30. doi: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.08.009. — View Citation

Ferriero R, Manco G, Lamantea E, Nusco E, Ferrante MI, Sordino P, Stacpoole PW, Lee B, Zeviani M, Brunetti-Pierri N. Phenylbutyrate therapy for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency and lactic acidosis. Sci Transl Med. 2013 Mar 6;5(175):175ra31. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004986. — View Citation

Han Z, Berendzen K, Zhong L, Surolia I, Chouthai N, Zhao W, Maina N, Srivastava A, Stacpoole PW. A combined therapeutic approach for pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency using self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype-specific vectors and dichloroacetate. Mol Genet Metab. 2008 Apr;93(4):381-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.10.131. Epub 2008 Feb 21. — View Citation

Henderson GH, Whalen PO, Darr RA, Curry SH, Derendorf H, Baumgartner TG, Stacpoole PW: Development of an oral drug formulation for dichloroacetate and thiamine. Drug Devel Indust Pharm, 20:2425-2437, 1994.

Ishida N, Kitagawa M, Hatakeyama S, Nakayama K. Phosphorylation at serine 10, a major phosphorylation site of p27(Kip1), increases its protein stability. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 18;275(33):25146-54. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M001144200. — View Citation

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Lu KP, Liou YC, Zhou XZ. Pinning down proline-directed phosphorylation signaling. Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Apr;12(4):164-72. doi: 10.1016/s0962-8924(02)02253-5. — View Citation

Martinelli D, Catteruccia M, Piemonte F, Pastore A, Tozzi G, Dionisi-Vici C, Pontrelli G, Corsetti T, Livadiotti S, Kheifets V, Hinman A, Shrader WD, Thoolen M, Klein MB, Bertini E, Miller G. EPI-743 reverses the progression of the pediatric mitochondrial disease--genetically defined Leigh Syndrome. Mol Genet Metab. 2012 Nov;107(3):383-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.09.007. Epub 2012 Sep 10. — View Citation

McLeod LD, Coon CD, Martin SA, Fehnel SE, Hays RD. Interpreting patient-reported outcome results: US FDA guidance and emerging methods. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2011 Apr;11(2):163-9. doi: 10.1586/erp.11.12. — View Citation

Moretto-Zita M, Jin H, Shen Z, Zhao T, Briggs SP, Xu Y. Phosphorylation stabilizes Nanog by promoting its interaction with Pin1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jul 27;107(30):13312-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1005847107. Epub 2010 Jul 9. — View Citation

Ozlu N, Akten B, Timm W, Haseley N, Steen H, Steen JAJ. Phosphoproteomics. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2010 May-Jun;2(3):255-276. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.41. — View Citation

Papadopoulos EJ, Patrick DL, Tassinari MS, Mulberg AE, Epps C, Pariser AR, Burke LB. Clinical outcome assessments for clinical trials in children. In Pediatric Drug Development: Concepts and Applications (Eds. AE Mulberg, D Murphy, J Dunne and LL Mathis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 539-548.

Patel KP, O'Brien TW, Subramony SH, Shuster J, Stacpoole PW. The spectrum of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency: clinical, biochemical and genetic features in 371 patients. Mol Genet Metab. 2012 Jul;106(3):385-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.03.017. — View Citation

Robinson BH. Lactic academia (disorders of pyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase). In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D. (Eds.). The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease, seventh ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 1479-1499, 1995.

Shroads AL, Coats BS, McDonough CW, Langaee T, Stacpoole PW. Haplotype variations in glutathione transferase zeta 1 influence the kinetics and dynamics of chronic dichloroacetate in children. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Jan;55(1):50-5. doi: 10.1002/jcph.371. Epub 2014 Aug 6. — View Citation

Shroads AL, Guo X, Dixit V, Liu HP, James MO, Stacpoole PW. Age-dependent kinetics and metabolism of dichloroacetate: possible relevance to toxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Mar;324(3):1163-71. doi: 10.1124/jpet.107.134593. Epub 2007 Dec 20. — View Citation

Shroads AL, Henderson GN, Cheung J, James MO, Stacpoole PW. Unified gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for quantitating tyrosine metabolites in urine and plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004 Sep 5;808(2):153-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.05.005. — View Citation

Shroads AL, Langaee T, Coats BS, Kurtz TL, Bullock JR, Weithorn D, Gong Y, Wagner DA, Ostrov DA, Johnson JA, Stacpoole PW. Human polymorphisms in the glutathione transferase zeta 1/maleylacetoacetate isomerase gene influence the toxicokinetics of dichloroacetate. J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;52(6):837-49. doi: 10.1177/0091270011405664. Epub 2011 Jun 3. — View Citation

Sperl W, Fleuren L, Freisinger P, Haack TB, Ribes A, Feichtinger RG, Rodenburg RJ, Zimmermann FA, Koch J, Rivera I, Prokisch H, Smeitink JA, Mayr JA. The spectrum of pyruvate oxidation defects in the diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2015 May;38(3):391-403. doi: 10.1007/s10545-014-9787-3. Epub 2014 Dec 20. — View Citation

Stacpoole PW, deGrauw TJ, Feigenbaum AS, Hoppel C, Kerr DS, McCandless SE, Miles MV, Robinson BH, Tang PH. Design and implementation of the first randomized controlled trial of coenzyme CoQ(1)(0) in children with primary mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrion. 2012 Nov;12(6):623-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.09.005. Epub 2012 Sep 25. Erratum In: Mitochondrion. 2013 Nov;13(6):953. — View Citation

Stacpoole PW, Gilbert LR, Neiberger RE, Carney PR, Valenstein E, Theriaque DW, Shuster JJ. Evaluation of long-term treatment of children with congenital lactic acidosis with dichloroacetate. Pediatrics. 2008 May;121(5):e1223-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-2062. Epub 2008 Apr 14. — View Citation

Stacpoole PW, Kerr DS, Barnes C, Bunch ST, Carney PR, Fennell EM, Felitsyn NM, Gilmore RL, Greer M, Henderson GN, Hutson AD, Neiberger RE, O'Brien RG, Perkins LA, Quisling RG, Shroads AL, Shuster JJ, Silverstein JH, Theriaque DW, Valenstein E. Controlled clinical trial of dichloroacetate for treatment of congenital lactic acidosis in children. Pediatrics. 2006 May;117(5):1519-31. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-1226. — View Citation

Stacpoole PW, Wright EC, Baumgartner TG, Bersin RM, Buchalter S, Curry SH, Duncan CA, Harman EM, Henderson GN, Jenkinson S, et al. A controlled clinical trial of dichloroacetate for treatment of lactic acidosis in adults. The Dichloroacetate-Lactic Acidosis Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1992 Nov 26;327(22):1564-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199211263272204. — View Citation

Stacpoole PW. The dichloroacetate dilemma: environmental hazard versus therapeutic goldmine--both or neither? Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Feb;119(2):155-8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002554. Epub 2010 Oct 4. — View Citation

Thomas LW, Lam C, Edwards SW. Mcl-1; the molecular regulation of protein function. FEBS Lett. 2010 Jul 16;584(14):2981-9. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.05.061. Epub 2010 Jun 11. — View Citation

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Guidance for industry: patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims: draft guidance. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006 Oct 11;4:79. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-4-79. — View Citation

Virshup DM, Eide EJ, Forger DB, Gallego M, Harnish EV. Reversible protein phosphorylation regulates circadian rhythms. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2007;72:413-20. doi: 10.1101/sqb.2007.72.048. — View Citation

Weber TA, Antognetti MR, Stacpoole PW. Caveats when considering ketogenic diets for the treatment of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. J Pediatr. 2001 Mar;138(3):390-5. doi: 10.1067/mpd.2001.111817. — View Citation

Yan Z, Henderson GN, James MO, Stacpoole PW. Determination of dichloroacetate and its metabolites in human plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997 Dec 5;703(1-2):75-84. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00404-0. — View Citation

* Note: There are 36 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	The number of participants with adverse events based on the age at randomization between the groups.	The number of participants with adverse events based on the age at randomization will be measured between the groups.	9 months
Other	The number of participants with adverse events based on dietary fat intake between the groups.	The number of participants with adverse events based on dietary fat intake will be measured between the groups.	9 months
Other	The efficacy will be measured using the Observer Reported Outcome (ObsRO) scale of health based on the genetic-based dosing between the groups.	The efficacy of dichloroacetate will be determined by using the Observer Reported Outcome (ObsRO) measure of health based on the GSTZ1 haplotype status, genetic-based dosing. The ObsRO scores will be graded on a Likert Scale from 0-4. (0 being absent and 4 being extremely severe).	9 months
Other	The efficacy will be measured using the Observer Reported Outcome (ObsRO) scale of health based on the age at randomization between the groups	The efficacy of dichloroacetate will be determined by using the Observer Reported Outcome (ObsRO) measure of health based on the age at randomization. The ObsRO scores will be graded on a Likert Scale from 0-4. (0 being absent and 4 being extremely severe).	9 months
Other	The efficacy will be measured using the Observer Reported Outcome (ObsRO) scale of health based on the dietary fat intake between the groups	The efficacy of dichloroacetate will be determined by using the Observer Reported Outcome (ObsRO) measure of health based on the dietary fat intake. The ObsRO scores will be graded on a Likert Scale from 0-4. (0 being absent and 4 being extremely severe).	9 months
Primary	The efficacy will be measured between the groups by using the Observer Reported Outcome (ObsRO) measure of health.	The efficacy of dichloroacetate will be determined by applying a novel Observer Reported Outcome (ObsRO) measure of health. The ObsRO scores will be graded on a Likert Scale from 0-4. (0 being absent and 4 being extremely severe).	9 months
Primary	The number of participants with adverse events will be compared between the groups.	This is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of dichloroacetate by comparing the 1) number and 2) severity of adverse events during both the double-blind and open label treatment phases.	9 months
Secondary	Karnofsky/Lansky Performance Status	The Karnofsky/Lansky performance Scale is completed by the study team. It is a measure of the study participants functional ability to carry on activities of daily living.; The Karnofsky Scale is used for study participants age greater than 16 years. The Lansky Scale is used for study participants age less than 16 years.	9 months
Secondary	Blood lactate levels between the groups.	The measurement of blood lactate level will be performed.	9 months
Secondary	Plasma ß-hydroxybutyrate (ß-OHB) concentrations between the groups.	The measurement of plasma ß-hydroxybutyrate (ß-OHB) concentrations will be performed.	9 months