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Filter by:The investigators implemented and evaluated a pilot program in Shinyanga Region, Tanzania to bring prevention of HIV services to communities using community health workers (CHWs). The intervention aimed to integrate community-based maternal and child health services with HIV prevention, treatment, and care—bridging the gap between women and facility, and enhancing the potential benefits of Option B+. Option B+ is the current World Health Organization recommendation for prevention of mother-to-child transmission, but its success in sub-Saharan Africa may be threatened by overburdened clinics and staff. Consequently, paraprofessionals like CHWs can be key partners in the delivery and/or enhancement of health services in the community. The study focuses on whether this approach: increases retention in care; improves adherence to antiretrovirals (ARVs); or improves the number of women initiating antiretroviral therapy and the timing of initiation. Investigators hypothesize improvements along primary and secondary outcome indicators in the treatment group. This evaluation helps illuminate both the impact and feasibility of the intervention, and the role that CHWs may play in the elimination of mother-to-child transmission services.
This is a prospective randomized controlled trial looking at the utility of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) on clinical outcomes after radical cystectomy. Patients in the control group will have standard of care, patients in the TEE group will have standard of care and TEE monitoring throughout. Intraoperative and postoperative variables, such time to extubation, postoperative cardiac and pulmonary complications, intraoperative fluid and vasopressor use will be assessed.
Cancer is a worldwide spread disease with high prevalence and incidence, often of poor prognosis because it is typically diagnosed in an advanced stage. Another reason for this prognosis is the presence of malnutrition, on the one hand because of a diminished intake (due to anorexia), and on the other hand because of tumor-induced hypercatabolism. The result is a pathological state of the body called "cachexia", generally defined as a weight loss > 5% during the last 6 months before diagnosis. It had already been demonstrated that correct nutrition in such patients can limit morbidity, while promoting progression-free survival as well as well-being. The pilot study, previously performed by the investigators, was the first to suggest that Nutrition Therapy, based on the ESPEN guidelines and resting energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry, can promote overall survival. The aim of this project is to validate these preliminary results in a larger RCT (randomized controlled double-blind trial), to promote Nutrition Therapy as a novel modality in its own right in the treatment of cancer, rather than being merely supportive.
A small group of skin cancers of the head and neck, called resected cutaneous squamous carcinomas, are more aggressive than most cancers of this type, even after being treated with standard therapy. This trial will use stronger treatment to look at the safety and effectiveness (efficacy) of combining a drug called Pembrolizumab with radiation after a cancer has already been treated to suppress secondary tumor formation in high risk cutaneous squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. Primary Objective To assess safety by looking at the people with dose limiting responses
CX-839-007 is an open-label Phase 2 study of the combination of CB-839 with paclitaxel in participants of African ancestry and non-African ancestry with advanced triple negative breast cancer. Multiple single-arm cohorts will be enrolled in which 800 mg twice daily (BID) CB-839 will be administered in combination with the full approved dose of paclitaxel.
The purpose of this study is to assess the mass balance (that is, cumulative excretion of total radioactivity [TRA] in urine and feces) and to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of pevonedistat in whole blood, plasma, and urine, and of TRA in plasma and whole blood following a single 1-hour infusion of 25 milligram per square meter (mg/m^2) [14C]-pevonedistat intravenous (IV) solution containing approximately 60 to 85 microcurie (mCi) (approximately 2.22-3.145 megabecquerel [MBq]) of TRA in participants with advanced solid tumors in Part A.
Intra-articular temporomandibular disorders are often related to pain in the area of temporomandibular joint, ear and temple. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficiency of anterior repositioning splints for the management of pain related to temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction.
Study was performed to identify ECG criteria for unmasking of subjects with NSTEMI at elevated risk.
In thoracic surgery, it is usual to place apical and basal drains for complete drainage of air and fluid out of the pleural cavity. The routinely used drains are mainly made of plastic. Recently silastic drains of smaller size are used without any complication. The investigators designed a prospective randomized trial to compare the draining properties of the two types of drains following various resections in thoracic surgery.
The aim of this study is to assess prospectively the critical period prior to the development of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) (1), to uncover mechanistic and pathophysiological processes associated with the development and clinical course of ACLF (2) and to identify the precipitating events of ACLF (3).