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Filter by:Opioids remain the first-line drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe postoperative pain, but the use is limited by well-known side-effects, most of which are dose-dependent. The opioid oxycodone is standard therapeutic treatment for acute postoperative pain, either in immediate-release formulation, OxyNorm®, or as extended-release formulation, OxyContin®. Oxycodone provides analgesic effects through µ-opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Tapentadol hydrochloride/depot (Palexia/depot®) is a novel, centrally acting, strong analgesic with a dual mechanism of action on µ-opioid receptors and noradrenaline reuptake in the central nervous system. Tapentadol is an active compound, devoid of active metabolites and not reliant on enzyme systems. For these reasons, it has a low drug interaction potential. This dual mechanism also translates clinically into less adverse effects than with pure opioid agonists like oxycodone. This is probably due to less µ-opioid receptor stimulation. Tapentadol has been shown effective in models of acute, osteoarthritic, neuropathic and cancer pain. There is now an increasing use of tapentadol in postoperative pain treatment in Norway. However, there is a lack of broad-based evidence for the use of tapentadol in the post-surgical setting. So far, to our knowledge, there are only published studies on postoperative pain treatment after orthopedic and dental surgery, but none related to deep abdominal pain. Tapentadol is shown in several studies on chronic pain patients to have comparable analgesic effects to traditional opioid pain medications like oxycodone and morphine, but with a more tolerable side-effect profile. In the postoperative setting after dental or orthopedic surgery, studies have shown less nausea and constipation. It has also been suggested a lower frequency of pruritus compared with oxycodone, but no difference in central nervous system symptoms such as sleepiness or dizziness. The most dangerous side-effect from opioids is respiratory depression with the potential of fatal outcome. The investigators have not found any publications from short-term postoperative pain management comparing the respiratory effect of tapentadol to the traditional opioids. The aim of the study is to compare the analgesic effect and side-effects of this new analgesic, tapentadol, to the standard treatment to day, oxycodone, in the acute postoperative period after hysterectomy.
The aim is to prospectively assess the association between clinical parameters and the presence of maxillofacial fractures in trauma patients admitted to the emergency department. Our hypothesis is that a clinical decision aid of critical parameters reduces unnecessary produced CT scans in maxillofacial trauma patients.
The aim of the present study is to assess the metabolic impact of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy and overview the obstacles and important factors compromising the use of Indirect Calorimetry in CRRT and suggest a model to overcome these issues.
This study aimed to accomplish the following objectives: 1. Develop a family-centered preoperative preparation program. 2. Evaluate the effectiveness of this program in terms of children's preoperative emotional behaviors, postoperative behavior, and posthospital behavior and caregivers' anxiety.
This study investigated the effects of bran's particle size on glycemic responses
DTG 50 milligram (mg) tablet was approved for marketing in Russian Federation; however, DTG is not currently available for subjects at Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Centers as it is not available for order and supply via Federal program. This study is an open-label study which will include subjects, who complete taking DTG in studies ING112276, ING113086, ING114915, ING111762, and those subjects who end participation in study 200304 in which they received either DTG or lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV). DTG will be supplied at a dose of 50 mg once daily to eligible subjects until the subject stops taking DTG or transitions to commercial supply of DTG when available at AIDS Centers via the Federal program. The objective of this study is to bridge the gap between the closure of ING112276, ING113086, ING114915, ING111762 or end of subject's participation in 200304 and the actual availability of commercial DTG at AIDS Centers via Federal program for human immunodeficiency (HIV)-1-infected adult subjects in Russian Federation. The study will also investigate long-term safety of DTG for subjects continuing DTG in Russian Federation.
Describe the epidemiologic profile and clinical context of transfusion recipients in France. Describe the clinical context of transfusion. Describe the characteristics of the transfusion prescriptions, the use of blood products and the main indications for transfusion. Describe transfusion practice according the type of hospital stay.
Skin cancer is the most common cancer and can be deadly, debilitating, damaging, and disfiguring, yet is highly preventable. In 2014, the US Surgeon General made a call to action about the "major public health problem" of skin cancer, noting potential contributions of behavioral science and education, and a need for investments in such efforts. Almost five million Americans are treated for skin cancer annually, and incidence is rising. Risk factors for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers include personal or family history of skin cancer, certain physical characteristics (e.g., fair skin, numerous moles), as well as excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure. Our work shows that skin cancer risk behaviors, including sunburns, indoor tanning, and lack of protection peak at age 25. Thus, young adulthood is an important window for skin cancer risk reduction interventions. However, young adults tend to be resistant to public health recommendations because, as a group, they perceive themselves as having more immediate priorities than disease prevention, that the consequences of their current health behaviors are in the distant future, and they also tend to be experimenters and risk-takers highly influenced by peers. The principal investigator developed a web-based intervention (UV4.me) that was found to significantly decrease UV exposure and increase skin protection behaviors among young adults in a randomized controlled trial of nearly 1000 participants. The objective of this project is to investigate the reach, effectiveness, implementation, maintenance, and cost of an enhanced version of that web intervention (UV4.me2) in a large national randomized controlled trial. The ultimate goal is to improve the skin cancer protection behaviors (and potentially decrease skin cancer incidence) among a national sample of young adults at moderate to high risk of developing skin cancer. Primary Aim 1. To enhance and determine intervention reach (i.e., enrollment, representativeness). Primary Aim 2. To determine the effectiveness of the enhanced intervention. Secondary Aim 1. To determine maintenance of the UV4.m4 and UV4.me2 interventions through evaluation at 6 and 12-month follow-up. Secondary Aim 2. To determine intervention implementation by young adults. Secondary Aim 3. To determine the costs of the UV4.me and UV4.me2 interventions.
This study evaluates the clinical and molecular effect of daily exposure to low doses of the fragrance contact allergen oxidized R-limonene. Three groups of participants are included: 1) Patients with a previous positive patch test to oxidized R-Limonene, 2) patients with a previous doubtful patch test to oxidized R-limonene and 3) healthy controls with no contact allergy to oxidized R-limonene
The purpose of this study is to expand the knowledge on the efficacy and safety of emapalumab (previously known as NI-0501) as a treatment for primary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) patients, including on long-term outcomes and quality of life assessments. Emapalumab can be administered as the first-line therapy to patients not previously treated with the current standard of care, or can be given to patients who have either failed or were unable to tolerate the available standard of care. Emapalumab is to be administered until the start of conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with an anticipated duration ranging from a minimum of 4 weeks to approximately 12 weeks and not exceeding 6 months. After treatment completion, patients will continue in the study for long-term follow-up until 1 year after either HSCT or last emapalumab infusion (if HSCT is not performed).