Obesity Clinical Trial
Official title:
The Big Breakfast Study: Chrono-nutrition Influence on Energy Expenditure and Body Weight
This weight loss study will investigate the impact of calorie distribution across a day
(large breakfast meals and smaller evening meals versus small breakfast meals and large
evening meals) on body weight, and physiological and behavioral mechanisms regulating energy
balance.
Participants will undergo 2 x 4 week energy restriction protocols in a randomized cross over
design; big breakfast (45% of calories in the morning meal, 20% at dinner) and big dinner
(45% of calories in the evening meal, 20% at breakfast). We predict that timing of eating
will influence energy balance, because morning energy expenditure is amplified in comparison
to the evening. This study will allow us to assess whether the increased energy expenditure
in the morning is linked to natural biological circadian rhythm or behavioral adaptions.
Dietary advice for weight management is broadly based on the assumption that a 'calorie is a
calorie' and it does not matter when calories are consumed across the day. Recent evidence
has challenged this assumption, suggesting that we may utilize calories more efficiently when
consumed in the morning relative to the evening, and this could be used as a beneficial
strategy for weight loss - this is a newly developing field of investigation which merges
circadian biology with nutrition (chrono-nutrition).
Timing of food consumption is a modifiable factor influencing energy balance and body weight
(and thus, disease risk). Previous research has shown that calories ingested at different
times of the day have different effects on energy utilization, leading to differential weight
loss, even at iso-caloric amounts. This study will aim to increase our understanding of the
underlying behavioral and physiological mechanisms associated with differential weight loss
and energy balance when calories are consumed predominantly in the morning versus in the
evening.
This study will be a cross-over study comparing large breakfast versus large evening meals
(percent daily calories split between breakfast, lunch and dinner as 45-35-20
(breakfast-loaded) or 20-35-45 (evening-loaded)) during energy restriction (Fed to measured
RMR) on energy balance, through differences in both physiological and behavioural changes in
energy expenditure and substrate utilization.
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