| Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria:
- ARM 1 SALVAGE COHORT: Patients with AML or biphenotypic or bilineage leukemia who have
failed prior therapy; patients with AML should have failed prior therapy or have
relapsed after prior therapy will be eligible for Arm 1;
- ARM 2 SALVAGE COHORT: Patients with AML who have failed up to one prior salvage
therapy (i.e. salvage 1 or 2 status) will be eligible for Arm 2 relapse cohort;
allogeneic stem cell transplant for patients in remission at the time of stem cell
transplant will not be considered a salvage regimen; similarly, hydroxyurea if used
alone will not be considered a salvage regimen
- ARM 1 AND 2 FRONT LINE OLDER COHORT: Patients age 65 years and above with previously
untreated AML who are unfit for or decline standard induction therapy; prior therapy
with hydroxyurea, biological or targeted therapy (e.g. FLT3 inhibitors, other kinase
inhibitors), or hematopoietic growth factors is allowed, however prior therapy with
chemotherapy agents for the disease under study is not allowed; patients may have
received one dose of cytarabine (up to 2 g/m2 administered at presentation for
control) of hyperleucocytosis
- Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)
who received therapy for the MDS or CMML and progress to AML are eligible at the time
of diagnosis of AML regardless any prior therapy for MDS or CMML; the World Health
Organization (WHO) classification will be used for AML; prior therapy for MDS or CMML
will not be considered as a prior therapy for AML, hence such patients will be
considered as frontline AML and eligible for the frontline elderly cohort
- Prior therapy with hydroxyurea, chemotherapy, biological or targeted therapy (e.g.
FLT3 inhibitors, other kinase inhibitors), or hematopoietic growth factors is allowed
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =< 2
- Total bilirubin =< 2 times upper limit of normal (x ULN) (=< 3 x ULN if considered to
be due to leukemic involvement or Gilbert's syndrome)
- Aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase =< 2.5 x ULN (=< 5.0 x ULN if
considered to be due to leukemic involvement)
- Serum creatinine =< 2 x ULN or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 50
- Patients must provide written informed consent
- In the absence of rapidly progressing disease, the interval from prior treatment to
time of initiation of 5-azacytidine and nivolumab will be at least 2 weeks OR at least
5 half-lives for cytotoxic/noncytotoxic agents; the half-life for the therapy in
question will be based on published pharmacokinetic literature (abstracts,
manuscripts, investigator brochure's, or drug-administration manuals) and will be
documented in the protocol eligibility document; since the effect of both nivolumab
and 5-azacytidine may be delayed; use of one dose of cytarabine (up to 2 g/m2) or
hydroxyurea for patients with rapidly proliferative disease is allowed before the
start of study therapy and during the study treatment; concurrent therapy for central
nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis or continuation of therapy for controlled CNS disease
is permitted
- Females must be surgically or biologically sterile or postmenopausal (amenorrheic for
at least 12 months) or if of childbearing potential, must have a negative serum or
urine pregnancy test within 72 hours before the start of the treatment
- Women of childbearing potential must agree to use an adequate method of contraception
during the study and until 3 months after the last treatment; males must be surgically
or biologically sterile or agree to use an adequate method of contraception during the
study until 3 months after the last treatment; adequate methods of contraception
include: total abstinence when this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle
of the patient; periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal,
post-ovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception;
female sterilization (have had surgical bilateral oophorectomy with or without
hysterectomy) or tubal ligation at least six weeks before taking study treatment; in
case of oophorectomy alone, only when the reproductive status of the woman has been
confirmed by follow up hormone level assessment; male sterilization (at least 6 months
prior to screening); for female patients on the study, the vasectomized male partner
should be the sole partner for that patient
- Combination of any of the two following
- Use of oral, injected or implanted hormonal methods of contraception or other
forms of hormonal contraception that have comparable efficacy (failure rate <
1%), for example hormone vaginal ring or transdermal hormone contraception
- Placement of an intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS)
- Barrier methods of contraception: condom or occlusive cap (diaphragm or
cervical/vault caps) with spermicidal foam/gel/film/cream/ vaginal suppository;
in case of use of oral contraception, women should have been stable on the same
pill before taking study treatment; note: oral contraceptives are allowed but
should be used in conjunction with a barrier method of contraception
- Women are considered post-menopausal and not of child bearing potential if they have
had 12 months of natural (spontaneous) amenorrhea with an appropriate clinical profile
(e.g. age appropriate, history of vasomotor symptoms) or have had surgical bilateral
oophorectomy (with or without hysterectomy) or tubal ligation at least six weeks ago;
in the case of oophorectomy alone, only when the reproductive status of the woman has
been confirmed by follow up hormone level assessment is she considered not of child
bearing potential
- Patients with graft versus host disease (GVHD) active < grade 2 who are on a stable
dose of immunosuppressive therapy (tacrolimus, cyclosporine, or other) for > 2 weeks
will be included; Note: subjects may be using systemic corticosteroids or topical or
inhaled corticosteroids
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients with known allergy or hypersensitivity to nivolumab, ipilimumab,
5-azacytidine, or any of their components
- Patients with a known history of severe interstitial lung disease or severe
pneumonitis or active pneumonitis that is uncontrolled in the opinion of the treating
physician
- Patients who have previously been treated with nivolumab and/or ipilimumab in
combination with 5-azacytidine will be excluded
- Patients with a known history of any of the following autoimmune diseases are
excluded:
- Patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease
and ulcerative colitis)
- Patients with a history of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic progressive sclerosis
(scleroderma), systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune vasculitis (e.g.,
Wegener's granulomatosis)
- Patients with organ allografts (such as renal transplant) are excluded
- Patients with active GVHD > grade 2 will be excluded; patients with recent increase in
the immunosuppressive medication dose within last 2 weeks to control GVHD will not be
included; patients with grade 1 or lower GVHD on =< 10 mg prednisone without any
additional immunosuppressive therapies (tacrolimus, prograf, etc) will be eligible
- Patients with symptomatic CNS leukemia or patients with poorly controlled CNS leukemia
- Active and uncontrolled disease/(active uncontrolled infection, uncontrolled
hypertension despite adequate medical therapy, active and uncontrolled congestive
heart failure New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III/IV, clinically significant
and uncontrolled arrhythmia) as judged by the treating physician
- Patients with known human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity will be excluded
- Known to be positive for hepatitis B by surface antigen expression; known to have
active hepatitis C infection (positive by polymerase chain reaction or on antiviral
therapy for hepatitis C within the last 6 months)
- Any other medical, psychological, or social condition that may interfere with study
participation or compliance, or compromise patient safety in the opinion of the
investigator
- Patients unwilling or unable to comply with the protocol
- Pregnant or breastfeeding
- Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
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