View clinical trials related to Metabolism.
Filter by:The foods we eat - our diet - can affect whether we develop diseases during our lives, such as diabetes or heart disease. This is because the amount and types of foods we eat can affect our weight, and because different foods are metabolised (processed) by the body in different ways. Scientists have also found that the bacteria in our guts (the gut microbiome) affects our metabolism, weight and health and that, together with a person's diet and metabolism, could be used to predict appetite and how meals affect levels of sugar (glucose) and fats (lipids) found in blood after eating. If blood sugar and fat are too high too often, there's a greater chance of developing diseases such as diabetes. The gut microbiome is different in different people. Only 10-20% of the types of bacteria found in our guts are found in everyone. This might mean that the best diet to prevent disease needs matching to a person's gut microbiome and it might be possible to find personalised foods or diets that will help reduce the chance of developing chronic disease as well as metabolic syndrome. The study investigators are recruiting volunteers aged 18 years or over from the TwinsUK cohort to take part in a study that aims to answer the questions above. The participants will need to come in for a clinical visit where they will give blood, stool, saliva and urine samples. The participants will also be given a standardised breakfast and lunch and fitted with a glucose monitor (Abbott Freestyle Libre-CE marked) to monitor their blood sugar levels. After the visit, the participants will be asked to eat standardised meals at home for breakfast for a further 12 days. Participants will also be required to prick their fingers at regular intervals to collect small amounts of blood, and to record constantly their appetite, food, physical activity and sleep using apps and wearable devices.
An estimated 1500 people in Sweden will annually be diagnosed with head and neck cancer (HNC). Five year survival is approximately 69%. Long-term sequelae are common and in particular nutritional problems and fatigue. Radiotherapy (RT) is the cornerstone of treatment, either as single modality treatment or combined modality treatment. RT can induce immune responses at the site of tumor. It has been demonstrated that RT can lead to a strong systemic immune response . We have previously shown that an increase of conventional measures of systemic immune response to RT varied significantly across individuals. We predict that local immune response plays a major role in the antitumor effect. We also predict that a strong systemic immune response contributes to malnutrition and influence on survival. And malnutrition may lead to a worse response to RT. The overall aim of this multicenter observational longitudinal study is to prospectively identify immunological and metabolic variables that affect the outcome of HNC patients. We will systematically investigate the local and systemic immune response induced by RT as well as explore alterations in metabolite composition induced by disease and treatment through global metabolite profiling. A platform for studies on immuno-metabolic changes in HNC patients has been established in the Uppsala-Orebro and Northern regions. Approximately 370 patients per year are eligible. Findings in this study can have implications on the development of personalized therapy in patients with HNC. The long-term benefit of the study will be the identification of measures for improved patient surveillance in order to improve the general and nutritional outcomes.
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are 2-3 times more likely to occur together with chronic gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Similarly, despite many patients have no history of acute or chronic respiratory disease, up to 50% of IBD patients and 33% of IBS patients have pulmonary involvement, such as inflammation or impaired lung function. Increasing evidence indicated chronic gut and lung disease share key conceptual features with the disorder and dysregulation of the microbial ecosystem. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Our study is aimed to elucidate the intimate relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract, and uncover the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects the immune responses in the lungs, and vice versa.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether BRAND'S® Essence of Chicken are effective in the promotion of resilience and resistance to stress-associated cognitive inhibition.
To examine the cognitive and metabolic effects of a probiotic supplement that is readily and already available for purchase in public drug stores. This study is a double-blinded randomized cross-over placebo-controlled intervention study. Participants will be randomized to receive either the probiotic supplement or the placebo during the first intervention period which will last 2 weeks. This will be followed by a washout period, after which they will proceed to the second intervention period, also lasting 2 weeks and also followed by a washout period.
The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of sugar sweetened beverages on the fat metabolism of healthy young men. It is well known that consumption of beverages sweetened with fructose is associated with different health risks such as type 2 diabetes. The present study has been designed to dissect differences in the metabolic pathways of fructose and glucose, but also metabolic adaptations during fructose, glucose and sucrose diets. During a period of seven weeks subjects will consume either fructose, glucose or sucrose sweetened beverages or continue their usual drinking habits. During these seven weeks there will be different metabolic investigations using stable isotope tracers. First, the rate of lipolysis and beta-oxidation will be determined. Second, the rates of fatty acid synthesis will be measured. During all examinations there will also be substrate- and energy-utilization measurements by indirect calorimetry, blood analysis and morphometric measurements. Based on the literature main hypotheses are: Fructose enhances de novo lipogenesis postprandially and also in the fasting state significantly more than glucose by enhanced expression of lipogenic enzymes. Fructose decreases beta oxidation via downregulation of oxidative enzymes.