View clinical trials related to Infection.
Filter by:Data from this study will provide the first information how the innate immune system may be altered in HIV-HCV and HIV-HBV co-infected individuals, and describe Toll-like receptor changes with HIV co-infection therapy.
The purpose of the study is to determine if tunneling standard short-term central lines for a short distance under the skin, with the assistance of ultrasound imaging, reduces the risk of central line infections for catheters placed in the neck vein. Previous work has shown that these lines can be tunneled without ultrasound guidance. We wish to determine if the use of ultrasound makes the tunneling procedure safer and easier.
Human immunodeficiency virus/Hepatitis B virus (HIV/HBV) co-infections are frequently observed due to shared routes of transmission, with reported figures indicating 6-9% of HIV-infected individuals in developed countries are chronically infected with HBV. HIV infection impacts on the natural progression of HBV infection, increasing levels of HBV replication and the risk of liver-associated mortality. Liver diseases associated with HBV are affected by the antiviral drugs used for HIV infection (toxic side effects), the current immune function in the patient, by improvements in the immune system brought about by control of the HIV infection, and by the development of resistance to the antiviral agents used for both the hepatitis B and the HIV infection. Co-infection with HBV increases the risk for hepatotoxicity in those individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for their HIV infection. This study will recruit patients who are co-infected with HIV and HBV, and are currently taking or who are about to commence HAART. The study cohort will include HIV-HBV co-infected individuals from the Alfred Hospital, the Royal Melbourne Hospital and high case load GP clinics who are referred to the Alfred Hospital. The aim of the study is to investigate chronic hepatitis B and its impact on the progression of liver disease in HIV-infected persons receiving HAART. This will be achieved by 6 monthly assessment with medical history, physical examination, bloods for markers of liver disease and hepatitis B activity and completion of questionnaires to measure adherence and alcohol use.
The primary objective is to determine if early infectious disease (ID) consultation (defined as within 48 hours of a positive blood culture) will reduce mortality rates from Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). This study will also determine if such consultations could reduce the duration of hospitalisation, recurrence and financial costs in patients with this infection.
This protocol is being established to cover the evaluation of patients with inflammatory and/or infectious diseases which are not covered under previously existing protocols. The purpose of such a protocol is that frequently patients are referred to us with either diagnosed or undiagnosed illnesses which would be of interest to our teaching program or which would serve as a source of patients to subsequently be entered into established, ongoing protocol studies. Such patients will be admitted to the protocol and handled according to accepted medical practice of diagnosis and treatment.
Viral upper respiratory tract infection (URI) is one of the most common diseases among toddlers and pre-school children.Complete and effective prevention measures for URI are currently unavailable. Montelukast (Singulair ) is a selective leukotriene-receptor antagonist that inhibits the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor. It is well tolerated and safe even in young children. Montelukast is an effective treatment for asthma (and allergic rhinitis from 1 year of age. Infections with viruses causing URI such as Influenza A, Rhinovirus and respiratory syncitial virus increases leukotriens levels in nasal secretions. Therefore, one may postulate that leukotriens inhibitors may reduce symptoms during URI. However the effect of montelukast as a treatment for non-specific cough was not properly studied and there are no studies on the effect of montelukast as prevention for URI. Hypothesis: Prophylactic treatment with Montelukast will reduce the incidence and severity of upper respiratory infection in children.
Aim of the study: To describe the epidemiology, longitudinally follow, test the effect of early antiretroviral treatment and investigate early events of virus-host interactions in patients with documented acute or recent HIV-1 infection in Zurich. Study design: This is an open label, non-randomized, observational, single center study at the University Hospital Zurich, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology. We aim at enrolling approximately 300 patients over a 10 year period. All patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria of a documented acute or recent HIV infection can participate in the study. Patients are offered early combination antiretroviral treatment (cART), if treatment start falls within 90 days after diagnosis of acute HIV-infection. After one year of suppressed HIV-plasma viremia (< 50 copies/ml) patients can chose to stop cART. Patients who have not chosen to undergo early-cART, respectively will stop cART after one year will be followed for a total of 5 years. Viral setpoints reached after treatment interruptions will be compared to historic controls and to the control group not having received cART during acute infection. A battery of virological and immunological assays will be performed on blood samples obtained to better understand early virus-host interactions, which are thought to play a key role in HIV-pathogenesis research. Summary: In summary, this study will provide comprehensive knowledge on early HIV-infection with regard to epidemiology, impact of early-cART on the course of disease and forms the base for a variety of translational research projects addressing early key pathogenesis events between virus and host, relevant for the course of disease, for transmission, for development of vaccines and new treatment strategies. - Trial with medicinal product
Background: Community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is an emerging pathogen of the 21st century whose incidence as a cause of local and invasive infections has significantly increased, especially in previously healthy term and near term newborns. The etiology of the increasing incidence of infection in previously healthy term and near-term newborns remains unclear. Hypothesis: 1. The incidence of previously healthy newborns infected with CA-MRSA skin & soft tissue (SSTI) and invasive infections is higher in those born to mothers colonized with CA-MRSA. 2. Pregnant women colonized with CA-MRSA are at higher risk for post-partum infection with this organism. Specific Aims: 1. To determine the incidence of nasal and vaginal colonization with CA-MRSA in pregnant women and determine the genetic similarities of these strains. 2. To study CA-MRSA transmission dynamics and evaluate the incidence of SSTI and invasive infections in newborns born to S. aureus colonized mothers. 3. To study the efficacy of attempted decolonization in CA-MRSA colonized mothers in decreasing the incidence of transmission and development of SSTI and invasive infections in their infants during the first month of life. Potential Impact: Understanding the epidemiology of the transmission dynamics of CA-MRSA in previously healthy newborns will provide important information to support the development of strategies aimed at the interruption of transmission and prevention of infection caused by CA-MRSA in newborns, as well as in pregnant women. This will also allow for the development of infection control strategies to prevent the spread of this organism among post-partum units and nurseries.
To determine if daily bathing with chlorhexidine impregnated washcloths will reduce the incidence of MRSA and VRE within an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or ward setting.
RATIONALE: Studying ways to diagnose fungal infections early may help doctors plan the best treatment. PURPOSE: This clinical trial is studying laboratory tests to see how well they find aspergillosis early in patients at high risk of fungal infection caused by treatment for hematologic cancer or other disease.