View clinical trials related to Infection.
Filter by:This study will evaluate the comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a customized, interactive web-based HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STI) and hepatitis prevention intervention as compared to a traditional, educator-delivered prevention intervention. Both interventions will be offered to youth enrolled in outpatient, community-based substance abuse treatment at our collaborating treatment facilities. Outcomes to be measured include accurate HIV/disease prevention knowledge, intentions to engage in safer sex, actual HIV risk behavior, attitudes toward safer sex and self-reported substance use. The web-delivered intervention under evaluation has the potential to deliver evidence-based content at low cost without increasing demands on treatment staff time or training needs.
The purposes of this study are: 1. To estimate the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or AmpC among Enterobacteriaceae which cause community-onset urinary tract infections (UTIs) 2. To collect the background, risk factors and clinical outcome of patients with community-acquired uropathogenic condition related to Enterobacteriaceae (both ESBL, AmpC- and non ESBL and/or AmpC producing) after receive different antibiotic regimens. 3. To develop a scoring system to early identify patients at risk of being infected with ESBL- and/or AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae by comparing the risk factors for community-onset UTIs caused by ESBL- and/or AmpC-positive against non ESBL -and/or AmpC Enterobacteriaceae 4. To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of ertapenem for the empiric treatment of community-onset UTIs in patients at risk for ESBL- and/or AmpC-producing organism. The study hypothesis (i) Patients infected with community-acquired uropathogenic ESBL- and/or AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae who receive regimens other than carbapenems have a worse outcome. (ii) There are certain risk factors predicting the acquisition of community-onset UTIs caused by ESBL- and/or AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae. (iii) The use of ertapenem is an effective and safe empirical therapy compared with other agents for community-onset UTIs caused by ESBL- and/or AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
The immune response to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) importantly determines the pathogenesis of infection as well as the success of antibiotic eradication of the bacteria. The investigators want to demonstrate the importance of cathepsin X (CTSX), a cysteine protease, for the Hp eradication success. The diversity of the innate immune response to H. pylori antigens leading to either successful eradication of the infection or maintenance of chronic inflammation is connected to CTSX. The aim of this study is to determine whether H. pylori suppresses the CTSX expression and cytokine secretion in macrophage cell line THP-1 in the individuals that are not capable of eradicating the infection, opposite to H pylori in patients with successful H pylori eradication . The investigators also investigate the possibility whether strain-dependent differences in H. pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) influence the CTSX expression and cytokine secretion.
CONTEXT: Antibiotics are frequently used in hospital but the appropriateness of prescriptions ranged between 25-50%. The intervention of infectious disease specialists (IDS) could improve the appropriateness of prescriptions and reduce their use. The impact of IDS has not been yet fully estimated using a randomized trial to compare the quality of care of patients who will benefit of the intervention. OBJECTIVES: To show using a randomized trial that patients hospitalized in emergency wards with IDS advice will receive more appropriate antimicrobial therapy but less exposure to antibiotics, as compared to patients who will not receive IDS advice. METHODS: Prospective randomized trial comparing antibiotic exposure and appropriateness of prescriptions in two groups of patients admitted in emergency wards: Control group: antibiotic prescriptions will be initiated and managed by the attending physicians Intervention group: antibiotic prescriptions will be systematically evaluated by the IDS and changed if judged necessary by the attending physicians, following IDS' advice. STUDY PROCESS: The study will took place in the emergency wards of 4 university hospitals. For each ward, the period of the study will be 2 x 4 weeks.Total duration of the study: 12 months.
Assessment of safety and efficacy of voriconazole in real-life setting in the treatment of high risk patients with invasive fungal infections. The study is conducted in Slovakia only.
CONTEXT: Antibiotics are frequently used in hospital but the appropriateness of prescriptions ranged between 25-50%. The intervention of infectious disease specialists (IDS) could improve the appropriateness of prescriptions and reduce their use. The impact of IDS has not been yet fully estimated using a randomized trial to compare the quality of care of patients who will benefit of the intervention. OBJECTIVES: To show using a randomized trial that patients with IDS advice will receive more appropriate antimicrobial therapy but less exposure to antibiotics, as compared to patients who will not receive IDS advice. METHODS: Prospective randomized trial comparing antibiotic exposure and appropriateness of prescriptions in two groups of patients: - Control group: antibiotic prescriptions will be initiated and managed by the attending physicians - Intervention group: antibiotic prescriptions will be systematically evaluated by the IDS and changed if judged necessary by the attending physicians, following IDS' advice. STUDY PROCESS: The study will took place in 4 university hospitals. Two medical or surgical wards will participate by hospital. For each ward, the period of the study will be 2 x 4 weeks.Total duration of the study: 12 months.
The aim of the trial is to assess the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of two doses of RUTI® vaccine administered four weeks apart after one month pre-treatment with INH. The trial will be double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled with 96 subjects (48 HIV- and 48 HIV+ subjects). Three different RUTI® doses and placebo will be tested, randomizing assigned both in HIV+ and HIV- subjects. Each subject will be randomized to receive one of the four treatments (placebo, 5, 25, 50 μg), after completion of one month INH pre-treatment (one tablet of 300mg/day, vp.o.). Each subject will receive two administrations of the same treatment, 28 days apart. Subjects will be monitored until one month after the second inoculation with RUTI®.
The Emergency Ward Center in Oslo has the last two years used a questionnaire to identify patients who qualify for treatment of acute cystitis by the use of a delegation form. The aim of the study is to evaluate this practice, the primary objective being to evaluate if in a selected patient group the treatment outcome after identifying patients with probable acute cystitis by delegation form will be as good or better than the treatment received after a regular doctor's consultation. The planned study will also investigate which symptoms, signs and laboratory findings that coincide with significant bacteruria. The reference standard will be a microbiological culture of every patients urine.
The overall goal of this study is to investigate whether the modulatory effects of probiotics, which are used as food supplements (Lactobacillus GG marketed as Culturelle or yoghurt) in the gastrointestinal tract promote restoration of intestinal function and enhance the specific immune response in children with cryptosporidial or rotaviral infections in South India. Rotavirus and Cryptosporidium spp. are the most important viral and parasitic causes of gastroenteritis in children in south India. Both infections can lead to severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in young children and have no specific treatment. Repeated episodes of diarrhea can result in long term deleterious effects on nutritional status, possibly due to intestinal damage. Most episodes of infectious gastroenteritis resolve without specific therapy, the mainstay of treatment being rehydration. However, oral rehydration remains under-utilized, in part due to the lack of effect on frequency of bowel movements and duration of illness. Due to the interest in simple, safe and effective measures to ameliorate the long-term effects of diarrheal illness, there is a growing appreciation for the potential of certain microorganisms to offer direct benefits to the health of a host. Probiotics are known to beneficially modulate several host functions, the most important of which are immune responses and intestinal barrier integrity. The investigators propose to build on the investigators previous collaborative efforts to conduct pilot studies to provide a mechanistic understanding of the effect of probiotic supplementation in children with rotaviral and cryptosporidial diarrhea. Based on the established efficacy of LGG for the treatment of a variety of diarrheal diseases and the documented modulation of immune responses and strengthening of intestinal epithelial barrier function by probiotics, the investigators propose to conduct a Phase I/II double-blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial to assess the preliminary efficacy and safety of LGG vs. placebo in the resolution of symptoms and restoration of intestinal function in children with either rotaviral or cryptosporidial diarrhea and no other detected enteric infection. Promising results in this Phase I/II study will provide preliminary data to power a future randomized trial on these critical outcomes following rotaviral or cryptosporidial infection.
The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a 250 mg BID oral dose of JNJ-32729463 compared with linezolid in subjects with complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs).