Preventing Weight Gain and Controlling Blood Pressure During Smoking Cessation in Hypertensive Smokers

Hypertension Clinical Trial

Official title:

Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Smokers

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00113074
• Other study ID #: 200611724
• Secondary ID: R01HL072782
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: September 2004
• Est. completion date: June 2011

Study information

• Verified date: March 2024
• Source: University of Iowa
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study is to develop effective interventions that assist individuals with high blood pressure to quit smoking and prevent weight gain.

Description:

BACKGROUND:

High blood pressure (BP), or hypertension, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is associated with an elevated risk for several cardiovascular complications, including coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke, as well as an increased risk for renal disease. Although there have been significant advances in the detection and treatment of high BP, approximately one in four adults in the United States is hypertensive. Cigarette smoking accounts for more than 400,000 premature deaths each year in this country alone, making it the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Evidence from several epidemiological studies has demonstrated that, at any level of BP, smoking substantially increases the risk for all cardiovascular complications associated with hypertension. While cigarette smoking and hypertension both increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, these two risk factors act synergistically to produce a greater risk than their combined independent effects. Despite the considerable health risks, smoking among people with hypertension is very common, with a prevalence approaching that observed among those with normal BP. Unfortunately, although quitting smoking is especially important for patients with high BP, smoking cessation produces a nontrivial weight gain, averaging 5 kg, which may exacerbate hypertension in many patients with the disorder. Several studies have documented significant elevations in BP following smoking cessation, as well as increases in the prevalence of hypertension after quitting smoking. As such, it is important to develop effective interventions that assist in quitting smoking and preventing weight gain.

DESIGN NARRATIVE:

The objective of the trial is to recruit 750 smokers with Stage 1 hypertension or prehypertension (based on JNC VII criteria). The trial will provide all participants with a brief, validated, combined behavioral and pharmacologic smoking cessation intervention. Additionally, the study will randomly assign participants who are abstinent from smoking upon completing the cessation intervention to either a 12-week weight management and BP control program or self-help materials targeting lifestyle modification. The primary endpoint is change in BP among quit smokers at a one-year follow-up. Secondary endpoints include changes in body weight, dietary intake, urinary sodium excretion, physical activity, and relapse to smoking. Exploratory endpoints include changes in hypertensive status (e.g., movement from prehypertensive to hypertensive by JNC VII criteria) and changes in BP medication status. This is a multi-site clinical trial, with study locations in Rochester, Minnesota, and Iowa City, IA. The Rochester, MN site is currently closed for recruitment.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 139
• Est. completion date: June 2011
• Est. primary completion date: June 2011
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: N/A and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Smoke at least 5 cigarettes/day (or have quit within the last 6 weeks to enter the study for the weight gain prevention and BP control interventions)

• Pre-hypertensive or Stage I hypertension (systolic BP from 120 to 159 and/or diastolic BP from 80 to 99 mm Hg). Antihypertensive medications are not criteria for exclusion provided that BP is not over 160/100 mm Hg)

• Access to a telephone

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of unstable cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and unstable angina within three months of study start

• Coronary artery bypass grafting or angioplasty/stent within three months of study start

• Cardiac dysrhythmia treated with anti-arrhythmia medication, except stable atrial fibrillation

• Untreated hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma

• History of congestive heart failure (NYHA Class III or IV)

• ECG evidence of 2nd or 3rd degree atrioventricular block

• Uncontrolled or Stage II Hypertension as defined as BP consistently above 160/100 mm Hg

• History of severe liver or kidney failure

• Current substance abuse (includes alcohol use in excess of 21 drinks a week)

• Presence of an unstable psychiatric condition

• Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

• Symptomatic peripheral vascular disease

• Pulmonary hypertension with shortness of breath

• Congenital or valvular heart disease with shortness of breath

• Current use of a medication that may interfere with primary study endpoints or that may increase the risk of side effects from study medication that cannot be discontinued

• Pregnant or plans to become pregnant within the next year

• Planning to move out of the area or travel extensively during the intervention

• Any medical condition that would preclude any additional changes in diet

• Unable to further modify physical activity routine

• Cannot engage in moderate intensity exercise (e.g., walking)

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Heart Diseases
• Hypertension

Intervention

Drug:
• Nicotine Replacement Therapy
Nicotine replacement therapy program

Behavioral:
• Diet
Diet program

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine	Iowa City	Iowa
United States	Mayo Clinic College of Medicine	Rochester	Minnesota

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Mark Vander Weg	National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (1)

Vander Weg MW, Klesges RC, Ebbert JO, Lichty EJ, DeBon M, North F, Schroeder DR, Dubbert PM. Trial design: blood pressure control and weight gain prevention in prehypertensive and hypertensive smokers: the treatment and prevention study. Contemp Clin Trials. 2008 Mar;29(2):281-92. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2007.07.003. Epub 2007 Jul 19. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Change in Systolic Blood Pressure at One Year Among People Who Have Quit Smoking	Change in systolic blood pressure in mmHg	Measured at Year 1
Primary	Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure at One Year Among People Who Have Quit Smoking	Change in diastolic blood pressure in mmHg	Measured at Year 1
Secondary	Changes in Body Weight	Change in body weight in pounds from randomization to 12 months.	Measured at Year 1
Secondary	Dietary Intake - Fruit and Vegetable Consumption	Change in self-reported daily fruit and vegetable consumption from randomization to 12 months. Fruit and vegetable consumption was measured by self-report using a dietary screener, which provides results in the form of number of servings per day.	Measured at Year 1
Secondary	Urinary Sodium Chloride Excretion	Percent change in urinary sodium chloride (NaCL) from randomization to one-year	Measured at Year 1
Secondary	Physical Activity: Leisure Time Physical Activity in METs	Change in leisure time physical activity in metabolic equivalents (METs) from randomization to one-year. METs reflect the ratio of working metabolic rate relative to resting metabolic rate, and are expressed as the energy expended per unit of time. For this study, METs were measured based on self-reported physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and are reported in the form of MET minutes.	Measured at Year 1
Secondary	Relapse to Smoking	Number of participants who self-reported tobacco use during the last seven-days.	Measured at Year 1
Secondary	Dietary Intake - Dietary Fat Consumption	Change in daily dietary fat consumption from randomization to 12 months.	Measured at Year 1