HIV Infections Clinical Trial
Official title:
Impact of Tuberculosis on HIV Infection in Uganda
This was a clinical trial in HIV infected patients with tuberculosis. The study assessed whether the addition of prednisolone, a type of steroid medication, to the standard treatment for tuberculosis improved immune and viral outcomes in the patients. The study demonstrated that prednisolone increased the CD4 cell count as was hoped, but the beneficial effect was short-lived and was gone within 4 months of stopping therapy. Therefore, the use of prednisolone for tuberculosis in HIV infected patients is not recommended at this time.
Recent observations from retrospective cohort studies indicate that HIV-associated
tuberculosis (TB) is associated with reduced survival and increased rate of opportunistic
infections compared to CD4-matched controls. Mounting evidence from immunologic and
virologic studies supports the concept of co-pathogenesis, in which cytokines such as tumor
necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) are over-expressed during the course of TB and stimulate
viral replication in latently infected cells, possibly leading to greater viral load.
Glucocorticoids are potent inhibitors of cytokines, including TNF, and clinicians have
extensive experiences with their use in HIV infection. Although corticosteroid use in HIV
infection has a record of safety, the safety and bioavailability of corticosteroids in
HIV/TB coinfection has not been established.
This study evaluated the change in viral load and CD4 count in HIV infected patients with TB
who were treated with oral prednisolone. The study found that the viral load increased
slightly when prednisolone was administered and that patients receiving prednisolone cleared
their tuberculosis more rapidly. Although there was some benefit to using prednisolone in
these patients, the benefit was short-lived and was gone within 4 months of stopping
therapy.
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Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double-Blind, Primary Purpose: Treatment
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