View clinical trials related to Health Behavior.
Filter by:Dietary and oral hygiene habits are known to affect oral microorganisms and disease incidence, but most research has focused on preschool aged (2-4 yr old) children. A recent experiment in our lab demonstrated a highly diverse oral microbiome in the saliva of infants without teeth (3-6 months old). These data suggest that soft tissues in the mouth serve as a reservoir for pathogens and must be considered in oral health management. The evolution of microorganisms that occurs between birth and tooth eruption has not been characterized and may have great implications as it pertains to oral disease later in life. The investigators are interested in determining how dietary changes during this time affect oral microbiota. Tongue and cheek swab samples will be collected from a small cohort of infants (n=20) at 4 time points. At the same time, a survey and 3 day feeding diary of the infant's diet will be collected. In addition, a pregnancy survey and food frequency questionnaire will be administered at the time of recruitment. Research staff will conduct a 10-minute interview at the first and last oral sample collection time. These pilot data will provide important diet-oral microbe relationships in edentulous infants, allowing us to propose and test specific hypotheses pertaining to diet, oral microbes, and disease in young children.
Reducing maternal and newborn mortality remains a global challenge. Because obstetric complications cannot be predicted, skilled attendance at the time of delivery and access to emergency obstetric care remain the most effective strategies to reduce mortality. Antenatal care has the potential to reduce maternal morbidity and improve newborns survival but this benefit may not be realized in sub-Saharan Africa where the attendance and quality of care is declining. There is a rapidly expanding number of mobile phone users in developing countries and due to the potential to strengthen health system the use of mobile phones is health care is emerging. The investigators assessed a mobile phone intervention named "wired mothers" aimed to improve maternal and newborn health. The hypothesis of the study was that the wired mothers mobile phone intervention would increase attendance to essential reproductive health services such as antenatal care and skilled delivery attendance and reduce severe adverse pregnancy outcomes for women and newborn. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of the wired mothers intervention on antenatal care, skilled delivery attendance, access to emergency obstetric care and perinatal mortality. The study was a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial with the primary health care facility as the unit of randomization. The study took place in 2009-2010 on the island of Unguja in Zanzibar. 2550 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at one of 24 selected facilities were included at their first visit and followed until 42 days after delivery. Facilities were allocated by simple randomization to either mobile phone intervention (n=12) or standard care (n=12). The intervention consisted of a SMS and mobile phone voucher component. The perspectives of the study are that mobile phones may contribute to saving the lives of women and their newborns and achievement of MDGs 4 and 5. Evidence is needed to guide maternal and child health policy makers in developing countries.
The field of neuroeconomics has begun to elucidate neural mechanisms underlying self-control; however, researchers have not yet harnessed neuroeconomics findings to develop interventions for improving self-control ability. The investigators are currently developing such an intervention. The investigators' approach involves using a brain-computer interface with audiovisual feedback to show people what is happening in their own brains, in real time. Through this interface, individuals are trained to increase levels of neural activity that may facilitate self-control, which, in turn, may improve the ability to exhibit self-controlled behaviors. This may increase the ability to engage in heath behaviors for which self-control is required (eg, dieting and exercising). The investigators' long-term goal is to create a tool that will help people develop the self-control needed to achieve lasting improvements in health behaviors.
Early intervention with the Marte Meo method. Aim to study whether the program have effect on: Maternal confidence, maternal stress, maternal mood (EPDS), dyadic synchrony (Infant care index), and infants social competences (ASQ:SE)
This study will examine whether nicotine levels increase with electronic cigarettes. It will also examine whether electronic cigarettes alter lung function tests. The study will obtain preliminary data on the medical effects of electronic cigarettes, with two different nicotine flavors, tobacco and tobacco with menthol, which are available for over the counter purchase. The electronic cigarettes and juice used in this study is available for purchase through the internet. An investigational new drug application (IND) is not needed for this study.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the recovery effect of Spa therapy after aerobic exercise in cardiovascular, performance and perceived fatigue. A pragmatic controlled repeated measures, single-blind, trial is conducted. Thirty-four recreational sportspeople are required to visit a Sport-Centre and are assigned to a Spa-therapy or rest in a bed (control group) after complete a spinning session.
Many women and men are at risk for sexual transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies and have unrealistic family planning intentions and insufficient knowledge of health promoting lifestyle prior to conception. Without sufficient support from the health care system this can lead to negative consequences. The aim of our study was to investigate if the usage of the Reproductive Life Plan in midwifery counselling increases women's knowledge of reproduction and particularly knowledge of folic acid intake prior to pregnancy. Secondary aims were to evaluate the influence on women's family planning and to further explore how women experienced the Reproductive Life Plan-based counselling.
This study is randomized clinical trial to verify the effect of nursing guidelines for patients undergoing left cardiac catheterization on an outpatient basis. Comparing three approaches to direct guidelines about the procedure: - printed, - digital video disc (DVD) - conventional guidelines provide by nursing team
The purpose of this study is to refine, evaluate the feasibility, and to estimate the effect of the "healthy Living Study," a brief outpatient problem-solving intervention to promote healthy eating and activity habits in adolescents.
In endurance sports competitions such as cycling, an athlete's capacity to sustain submaximum power (i.e. endurance capacity) strongly influences overall race performance. Endurance capacity can be increased by both long, continuous endurance exercise at moderate oxygen consumption, and high-intensity (at or above peak oxygen consumption) interval training. However, it has also been shown that resistance exercise, if performed in addition to endurance exercise, can further enhance endurance capacity. The investigators have recently described a novel training method, which is based on combined vibration and resistance training and superimposed vascular occlusion. Based on the investigators previous results showing that this type of training leads to marked increases in endurance capacity in previously untrained young women, the investigators aim at investigating whether the method is also effective in increasing endurance capacity in highly endurance-trained young men, and whether the method leads to bigger improvements relative to resistance exercise alone. Besides the functional outcomes the investigators are also interested in the specificity of the cellular adaptations with respect to the two trainings methods.