View clinical trials related to Diet Habit.
Filter by:A Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), a largely plant-based dietary pattern, is relevant to CRC prevention and microbial production of anti-cancer metabolites in observational studies. A MedDiet can shift BA metabolism as shown in primates and when combined with calorie restriction, shows superior adherence and weight control in humans, given its palatability. To date, no studies have tested in an RCT the effects of a MedDiet alone (MedA), WL through lifestyle intervention (WL-A) or a calorie-restricted MedDiet for WL (WL-Med) on the BA-gut microbiome axis and its relevance to CRC prevention among AAs. A multidisciplinary team combining expertise in psychology, nutrition, microbiology, molecular cell biology, computational biology, medicine and biostatistics, proposes to conduct a four-arm RCT in which 232 obese AAs, 45-75 years old complete one of the following 6-month interventions: Med-A, weight stable; WL-A, calorie restriction with no diet pattern change; WLMed; or Control. The investigators will use samples and data collected at baseline, mid-study (month-3) and post-intervention to compare the effects of the interventions on 1) Concentration and composition of circulating and fecal BAs; 2) Gut microbiota and metabolic function; and 3) Gene expression profiles of exfoliated intestinal epithelial cells.
The PREDICT 3 study will build on previous research in over 2,000 individuals to further refine machine learning models that predict individual responses to foods, with the aim of advancing precision nutrition science and individualized dietary advice. The study incorporates both standardized and controlled dietary intervention, for the purpose of testing postprandial responses to specific mixed meals, in addition to a free-living period with a dietary record for measuring responses to a large variety of meals consumed in a realistic context, where the role of external factors (e.g. exercise, sleep, time of day) on postprandial responses may be determined. For the first time this PREDICT study is built on top of a commercial product which will allow access to a much larger group of participants who are already collecting large amounts of data through digital and biochemical devices that can contribute to science.
Stuydy of eatin and physical activity patterns in Uruguayan workers and association with obesity, overweight, and tasks.
The carbohydrate periodisation framework is a widely accepted nutritional intervention strategy in the field of sports nutrition. However, despite the validity of this approach, it is reported that athletes find it difficult to stick to this behaviour and that the support required is highly personalised, and as a result time consuming for the coach. Prior research has suggested that a digital environment can deliver better personalised dietary interventions to better support athletes. The overall purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a digital approach (a menu planner app with coach support), and gain understanding on the strategy to implement coach support according to app engagement in the digital approach to improve dietary carbohydrate periodisation behaviours in athletes.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) compose a substantial proportion of the global burden of diseases, posing a significant challenge in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. In particular, certain lifestyle-related risk factors, such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and sleep deprivation are the leading risk factors, which place people at an increased risk of developing NCDs. On the other hand, a growing phenomenon of excessive concern about diet and health is emerging, and it is contributing to the development of a novel eating behavior disorder named orthorexia nervosa. According to recent studies, orthorexic behavior is very common among young adults and especially so in health-care professionals. The main objective of this multi-center study is to explore and compare lifestyle habits among undergraduate medical students and other healthcare-related professions from different countries (Croatia, Lebanon, Italy, Poland, Spain, and Turkey). The goal is to obtain information on the presence of unhealthy habits in order to be able to intervene, offering the information needed for primordial disease prevention in this young and still healthy group of respondents, who are the health educators and role models of the future. The particular importance of this goal is to raise awareness of the problem of the ubiquitously present unhealthy lifestyles. Unfortunately, health-care students are not the exception regarding the prevalence of the unhealthy diet, sedentary behavior, sleep deprivation and high levels of psychological stress. Furthermore, the adoption of unhealthy lifestyle patterns in health-care workers, such as doctors and nurses, will have far-reaching negative consequences, in both their health and their patients' health. The results of this study will be used for identifying the needs and targets for intervention, enabling students to become a pillar of health education for their patients and the population in general.
Human milk profile is unique and diet exerts a pivot role in determing its composition. As a rule, nursing mothers do not receive specific nutritional indications aimed at improving the lipid profile of milk, despite the scientific evidence in favor of the importance of DHA in the infant's diet. The research aims to determine the effect of a dietary counseling specifically targeted at increasing the intake of fatty acids ω3 (DHA, EPA and ALA) on the lipid profile of breast milk, in order to identify effective and viable nutrition claims for breastfeeding women.
It is well known that dietary protein transiently stimulates muscle protein synthesis (MPS) whereby changes in MPS in response to feeding may be regulated by specific downstream target proteins of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, such as S6K1, rpS6, and eIF2B. A meal deficient in protein, however, does not increase the rate of MPS because a rise in the bioavailability of amino acids does not occur. In addition, the source of dietary proteins has been shown to impact postprandial blood levels of amino acids. The concept that certain types of proteins are "fast acting" or "slow acting" has been shown to affect the postprandial profile of amino acids appearing in the systemic circulation. Native whey and micellar casein are both dairy proteins that contain a similar amount of essential (EAA), but blood EAA levels increase faster and to a higher level after the consumption of whey protein. Differences in gastric emptying, digestion and absorption kinetics between micellar casein and native whey are the underlying factors. Nonetheless, micellar casein protein has been shown to protract MPS in humans. Despite the significant amount of information gained with respect to both of these protein sources, the effects of combinatorial formulations on the postprandial profile of amino acids appearing in the blood is less well known.
The overall goal is to identify trends and longitudinal associations in psychosocial, food-related, and cardiometabolic risk factors that can guide public health priorities and future research needs aimed at reducing cardiovascular-related disparities in Puerto Rico. To this end, investigators will establish 'PROSPECT: Puerto Rico Observational Study of Psychosocial, Environmental, and Chronic disease Trends', an island-wide, longitudinal population cohort of 2,000 adults (30-75 years) in PR recruited with a community-wide sampling strategy, and assessed in a network of several partner clinics across the island. The study will collect comprehensive data on multiple psychosocial, dietary, and food-related factors, CVD biological markers, and medical record data, with follow-up at 2-years, and will assess variations by urban-rural area and by timing before-after Maria.
For weight loss to occur, energy intake needs to be reduced to incur an energy deficit. One dietary strategy that may facilitate weight loss is consuming a diet low in dietary energy density (ED). It is hypothesized that a diet low in ED, which can be achieved by a high intake of low-ED foods, low intake of high-ED foods, or a combination of the two, will allow a greater amount of volume of food to be consumed relative to energy consumed, which can assist with reducing energy intake. To understand how best to lower the ED of the diet, it is important to understand the relationship between low-ED and high-ED foods. Behavioral economics is a framework that provides a foundation to understand that eating behaviors can be substitutes for each other. Substitute eating behaviors are two behaviors that change in the opposite direction of each other (i.e. one behavior increases as the other behavior decreases). If low-ED and high-ED foods are substitutes for each other, in situations in which low-ED food intake increases, high-ED food should automatically decrease, and vice versa. If they are not substitutes, when low-ED food intake increases, high-ED food intake should remain unchanged, and when high-ED food intake decreases, low-ED food intake should remain unchanged. When low-Ed and high-ED foods are not substitutes for each other, purposeful change in intake for both low- and high-ED foods need to occur to best lower dietary ED. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate if low-ED foods and high-ED foods substitute for each other. Healthy weight adults will be served a meal over 4 sessions, with each meal containing 5 different food items. The foods in the meal will vary in ED: low-ED = 0 to 1.0 kcal/kg; medium-ED = 1.1 to 2.9 kcal/kg; high-ED = > 3.0 kcal/g. For the 4 sessions, the meals will include: 1) 3 low-ED foods, 0 medium-ED foods, 2 high-ED foods; 2) 3 low-ED foods, 1 medium-ED food, 1 high-ED food; 3) 1 low-ED food, 2-medium ED foods, 2 high-ED foods; and 4) 1 low-ED food, 3 medium-ED foods, and 1 high-ED food.
Investigating glucose response to Mediterranean and regular diets in healthy children in order to develop specific pediatric machine-learning for predicting the personalized glucose response to food for individual children. The prediction will be based on multiple measurements, including blood tests, personal lifestyle and gut microbiome. This will allow investigators to design personalized Mediterranean machine-learning-based diets which may potentially reduce the burden of disease in adulthood as well as the burden of obesity in the pediatric age.