There are about 3491 clinical studies being (or have been) conducted in Singapore. The country of the clinical trial is determined by the location of where the clinical research is being studied. Most studies are often held in multiple locations & countries.
To evaluate the nap duration that achieves maximal cognitive gain with practicality of implementation, the present work employs a within-subject design comparing nap durations of 10 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes with a no nap condition on benefits to alertness, vigilance, mood, speed of processing and memory over post-nap intervals of 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 240 minutes. The effect of nap duration on memory encoding will also be examined.
Excessive and chronic stress is a major public global health concern. Young adults are at particular risk to experience heightened stress because of life transitions. Short skills-focused self-guided applications (SGA) on mobile phones are a cost-effective and scalable way to equip users with better stress-coping skills, but many SGA stress-coping programmes are not evidence-based, existing research is flawed with methodological problems and is also predominantly conducted in Western countries. Questions also remain for whom SGAs work (moderators) and by which pathways (mediators). This study is a randomised-controlled trial (RCT) that evaluates the effectiveness of a recently developed mobile-phone SGA in improving stress coping in young adults. Hypothesis 1: The intervention group will report significantly lower stress symptoms at post-intervention and 1-month follow-up compared to the control group. Hypothesis 2: Coping self-efficacy will mediate the expected relationship between the use of the Stress-SGA and lower stress symptoms, i.e. people with higher coping self-efficacy will benefit more from the Stress-SGA than those with lower coping self-efficacy. Hypothesis 3: Psychological mindedness will moderate the expected relationship between the use of Stress-SGA and lower stress symptoms, i.e. people high in psychological mindedness will benefit more from the Stress-SGA than those with lower psychological mindedness.
Body image concerns are pervasive and can impact multiple aspects of a person's life. Individuals with negative body image tend to have negative thoughts and feelings about their bodies, often resulting in unhealthy behaviours. Negative body image is also associated with mental and physical health conditions. Thus, prevention efforts are crucial to alleviating body image concerns in young adults as they are considered high-risk populations. This study is a randomised controlled trial that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-guided body image program on a mobile-based application for young adults. Hypothesis 1a: The intervention group will improve significantly on measures of body image at post-intervention and follow-up, as compared to the control group. Hypothesis 1b: The intervention group will reduce significantly on measures of appearance-ideal internalization, media and peer pressures at post-intervention and follow-up, as compared to the control group. Hypothesis 2: The intervention group will improve significantly on the measure of self-compassion at post intervention and follow-up, as compared to the control group.
Background: The serum anion gap (AG) is commonly used as a screening tool for acid-base disorders. With modern laboratory techniques using ion-selective electrodes to measure the main electrolyte components of the AG, our definition high AG (HAGMA) should be reviewed. Aim: This study aims to assess the diagnostic value of AG and to determine a diagnostic threshold for HAGMA in a high-prevalence clinical setting. Method: Computerized extraction of anonymised data from electronic medical records was performed. A pre-defined criteria included all inpatients of an acute-care hospital who had measurements for organic acids (lactate, ketone or salicylate) paired with a serum urea, electrolyte and creatinine panel.
In this Phase 4, open-label trial, participants of the ACTIV-3/TICO clinical trial at selected sites who received certain pre-specified blinded investigational agents or placebo as part of that trial, and who have since achieved sustained recovery, and who are still [TICO assignment] blinded and who are still within 28 to 90 days after initial TICO randomization, will be randomized in this 2x2 factorial design to one of four groups: (i) immediate versus 12 week deferral of first dose administration and also (ii) one dose only, versus two doses to be given 4 weeks apart of the Moderna mRNA-1273 or the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine (mRNA vaccines). Choice of Moderna or Pfizer vaccine is determined based on availability at the site. The choice is individual, although participants vaccinated twice should receive the same type of vaccine for both injections. The primary objectives of this 2x2 factorial design are (i) to estimate the difference in neutralizing antibody (NAb) response to the mRNA vaccine from baseline to Week 48 among participants vaccinated early versus deferred, and (ii) to estimate the difference in NAb response to this vaccine among participants vaccinated once versus twice. The primary analyses will be carried out in participants randomized to placebo in TICO. Analyses will also be carried out for those who receive the investigational agent(s) studied in TICO. A key secondary objective is to ascertain the effect, if any, of SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies, and other interventions that have been studied in hospitalized COVID-19 subjects, on natural and vaccine-induced immunity. Participants will remain blinded to the interventions received in the ACTIV-3/TICO study, however allocation to the timing of vaccination and to one or two vaccinations in this (VATICO) study is not blinded.
In the last decade, research on social media and mental health has produced mixed results. Overall, the current findings suggest that the negative effects on mental health are exacerbated by longer and more frequent social media usage, whereas the positive effects are bolstered when social media is used to connect with other people. With the largest number of global users, Facebook is the most frequently studied social media network. Over the past few years, the increasing concerns about the risks associated with Facebook have even translated to wider pop culture conversations, as exemplified by the 2020 documentary The Social Dilemma. In response, Facebook has rolled out a series of features supposed to mitigate these risks and encourage responsible social media usage. These features include activity trackers and reminders, unfollow and snooze buttons, and data sharing regulators. Currently, there is no research done to address whether (1) these features are used at all, and (2) whether they are successful in moderating the negative mental health consequences of Facebook usage. This study seeks to address the gap in literature through a survey done on the crowdsourcing platform Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk).
A Multicenter Retrospective Study to understand the clinical characteristics, treatment pathway and resource utilization for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia A retrospective, multi-centre, observational study to describe disease characteristics, treatment patterns, treatment-related outcomes, and resource utilization for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients in multiple international regions
This study aims to look at the impact on patient outcomes arising from measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. The information and knowledge from this study will be useful for the management and allocation of hospital resources and patients in tne event of a disease outbreak.
As off-the-counter foot orthoses are readily available and have an economic advantage, they are increasingly being used by healthcare professionals to treat mechanical foot pains in place of custom foot orthosis. However, there is a lack of available evidence to determine if a plain off-the-counter foot orthosis that aims to contours to the foot or a specifically optimized off-the-counter foot orthosis utilizing the type of orthotic design proposed by Abbasian and Pomeroy is more effective in the management of mechanical foot pains in the Subtle Cavus foot type. This study proposal seeks to fill the gap in this area. Primary Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of specifically optimized off-the-counter foot orthosis designed for the Subtle Cavus foot type in improving patient reported outcomes in patients with mechanical foot pains when compared to plain off-the-counter foot orthosis. Primary Null Hypothesis: There is no difference in pain and functional scores reported by patients between specifically optimized off-the-counter foot orthosis and plain off-the-counter foot orthosis in patients with mechanical foot pains at four, eight and twelve weeks of intervention. In our study, the Subtle Cavus foot refers to the flexible idiopathic forefoot-driven Pes Cavus that can be clinically recognised with a positive "Peek a Boo" sign, inverted hindfoot position in weight bearing stance and Positive Coleman Block Test as reported by Manoli and Graham in 2005. Also, for our study, mechanical foot pains are limited to clinically diagnosed Plantar Fasciitis, Achilles Tendinopathy, Peroneal Strain or Metatarsalgia: Plantar Fasciitis is clinically diagnosed using the following history and physical examination findings: - Plantar medial heel pain /or pain along the plantar fascia: most noticeable with initial steps after a period of inactivity but also worse following prolonged weight bearing - Heel pain /or pain along the plantar fascia precipitated by a recent increase in weightbearing activity - Pain with palpation of the proximal insertion of the plantar fascia /or along the band of plantar fascia structure Achilles Tendinopathy is clinically diagnosed using the following history and physical examination findings: Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy: - Self-reported localized pain and perceived stiffness in the Achilles tendon following a period of inactivity (eg, sleep, prolonged sitting) lessen with an acute bout of activity and may increase after the activity. - Symptoms are frequently accompanied by Achilles tendon tenderness. - Pain located 2 to 6 cm proximal to the Achilles tendon insertion that began gradually and pain with palpation of the midportion of the tendon to diagnose midportion Achilles tendinopathy Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy: - Self-reported pain that is aggravated by activity and stiffness that is associated with prolonged periods of rest. - Pain and tenderness with palpation within the distal 2 cm of the Achilles tendon. - Redness and swelling over area of Achilles Tendon insertion over posterior heel Peroneal Strain is clinically diagnosed using the following history and physical examination findings: - Pain and swelling posterior to the lateral malleolus - Pain with active eversion and dorsiflexion against resistance - May have a history of chronic lateral ankle pain and instability - Pain and tenderness with palpation along the course of the peroneal tendons Metatarsalgia is clinically diagnosed using the following history and physical examination findings: - Self-reported pain during the propulsive phase of gait. The pain is localized underneath the prominent metatarsal heads - The plantar soft tissue can be swollen and inflamed. - Presence of hyperkeratosis over tender areas may be present - Pain and tenderness with palpation of plantar metatarsophalangeal joints Secondary Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of specifically optimized off-the-counter foot orthosis designed for the Subtle Cavus foot type in improving patient reported outcomes in patients with mechanical foot pains pre- and post-intervention. Secondary Null Hypothesis: There is no difference in pain and functional scores reported by patients after introduction of specifically optimized off-the counter foot orthosis pre- and post-intervention at initial to four, initial to eight and initial to twelve weeks of intervention.
This study aims to examine the effects of mindfulness practice administered using a mobile app on psychological health among health care workers in Singapore.