There are about 3285 clinical studies being (or have been) conducted in Pakistan. The country of the clinical trial is determined by the location of where the clinical research is being studied. Most studies are often held in multiple locations & countries.
Postoperative pain related to abdominal surgeries poses significant burden on the healthcare system, in terms of increased use of different analgesics, delayed ambulation, pulmonary complications, DVT, and prolonged hospital stays. Abdominal wall is major source of pain and there have been much debate in the past to bring up the effective, low cost and prolong pain relief to the patients after abdominal surgeries. But yet a consensus has to be developed about which analgesic to be used for most efficient and prolonged pain relief. Though, many studies have been done on TAP block and different combinations have been tried in TAP block, like, dexmedetomidine, midazolam, ropivacaine, but we still lack local data. Recent studies have shown very promising results in terms of efficacy and duration of block by mixing bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine, alongwith minimal side effects to the patients. This randomised control trial will enroll 88 patients coming to Anesthesia department of Sheikh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan, for abdominal surgeries, judged on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, into two groups of equal sizes. TAP block will be given to all patients bilaterally at the end of procedure after extubation in operation room. One group will be given bupivacainemixed with dexmedetomidine, while the other group will receive bupivacaine only, and they will be followed upto 12 hours postoperatively in post surgical ICU. Study protocol will be according to the ethical standards declared by Helsinki. For both the groups, HR, BP, SpO2,VAS score,rescue analgesia and sedation score stated on the clinical proforma will be assessed. After appropriate sample collection,patient data will be sorted in SPSS v23 through which statistical analysis using corresponding statistical functions and tests will be done.Quantitative data (like heart rate, mean arterial pressure, VAS score etc.) will be analysed using t-test. For qualitative variable(pain relief, bradycardia nausea etc.)chi-square test will be applied. P value </= 0.05 will be considered significant. Results of the study will be summarized and presented in final thesis.
This study is aimed to determine the post operative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy by dividing patients into three different group. Group A will receive lidocaine 2mg/kg bolus at induction followed by 1.5mg/kg/hr infusion. Group B will receive bilateral subcostal TAP block with 0.375% 20ml Ropivicaine on each side. Group C will not receive any additional pain regime apart from the routine intraoperative analgesics. Pain score will be assessed post operatively for 24 hours at regular intervals using visual analog score.
Communication Partner Training (CPT) is an evidence-based intervention that teaches communication partners (e.g., family members, friends, healthcare workers) how to best support conversation and interaction for a person with aphasia. It does not matter how mild or severe a person's aphasia is, they can be a good candidate for CPT as long as their communication partner is motivated and willing to adapt their communication style. The objective of this study is to see the effects of communication partner training for the management of persons with aphasia. A randomized controlled trial will be conducted. In total, 6 dyads will be randomly assigned to the intervention (CPT program) or usual care (control) group. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) V 25. will be used for Data analysis. Results will be extracted. Conclusion will be made after comparing the pre and post treatment results on person with aphasia.
Study objectives: 1. To determine the effectiveness of the CaPE intervention compared to treatment as usual (TAU) in reducing the time to recurrence for people with bipolar disorder (BD) I/II, currently in remission in Pakistan 2. To determine the impact of the CaPE intervention compared to TAU on clinical outcomes, quality of life and functioning; and 3. To estimate the cost-effectiveness of CaPE in a low-resource setting (i.e., Pakistan) (if the RCT confirms the effectiveness of CaPE in BD. Study design and setting: This will be a multi-centre, assessor blind, individual, parallel-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) with Pakistani patients with BD. Sample Size: The study aims to recruit a total of N=300 participants in total.
Laryngeal Mask Airway has been used in paediatric anaesthesia since the 1990's. Clinical practice in paedeatric anaesthesia for Laryngeal Mask Airway removal varies and there is no standard of care. In children removing the Laryngeal Mask Airway under deep inhalational anaesthesia has some advantages compared to awake, but may be associated with higher rate of complications when Laryngeal Mask Airway is removed in supine compared to lateral position. On the other hand deep anaesthesia may cause airway obstruction due to reduction in tone of upper airway muscles in some patients. An oropharangeal airway may prevent this. This aspect had not been studied before and represent a gap in literature. Study Hypothesis: Airway complications associated with Laryngeal Mask Airway removal under deep anaesthesia are same with or without insertion of an oral airway. Alternate hypothesis is that airway complications be less if an air way is inserted at the end of anaesthesia. Objective: The present study was designed to observe any difference in immediate complication after removal of LMA in supine head down position under deep anaesthesia with or without insertion of an oro-pharyngeal airway. Airway complications that we will observe are desaturation <92%, stridor, excessive secretions, laryngospasm, retching, vomiting, coughing, trauma to the soft tissues and damage to the teeth.
Objective of the study is to compare the efficacy of tamoxifen alone & tamoxifen with antioxidant on semen quality of infertile male with abnormal parameters (sperm count, motility, vitality, morphology) .Infertility is defines as inability to conceive after one year of unprotected and regular intercourse. Infertility is the most important issue in the married couples and is one of the major clinical problem affecting people medically and psychologically .It affects about 5.8 to 44.2 % couples in the developing countries. Male infertility contributes to about 50% of the overall infertility. Antiestrogens are considered as one of the old and most commonly prescribed treatment of idiopathic infertility.Many studies has shown that it improves idiopathic oligozoospermia, count, motility and vitality. Spermatozoa are also prone to oxidative damage. Men who have high reactive oxygen species(ROS) may have lower fertility potential as compared to men with low ROS. High levels of ROS in semen have been correlated with reduced sperm motility and damage to sperm nuclear DNA. High levels of cytokines in the semen is correlated with sperm injury like cell membrane lipid peroxidation in the presence of raised IL-6 .Antioxidents are the most important form of protection for spermatozoa against ROS. So oral antioxidents are commonly prescribed to males with idiopathic abnormal semen parameters and infertility to reduce the oxidative stress and improves infertility. It is a single blinded randomized control trial to be conducted in Sharif Medical and Dental college, Lahore with sampling technique of probability randomized consecutive sampling technique. 110 male patients with idiopathic male infertility and abnormal semen parameters will be recruited . Pre treatment semen analysis and LH, FSH and serum testosterone will be done. 55 patients will be given tamoxifen alone ad 55 patients will be given tamoxifen with antioxidant. Then at the interval of 3 and 6 months after treatment , semen analysis and hormonal profile will be repeated. Pre-treatment and post treatment semen parameters will be compared using paired sample t-test. P-value < 0.05 will be taken as significant.
Study design: Randomized controlled trial Settings: Physiotherapy department of Allied hospital, Faisalabad Sample size: 27 in each group Control group receive: Routine physical therapy Experimental group receive: Routine physical therapy+ Sensorimotor stimulation
The study will be randomized controlled trial. This study will be conducted in University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. A sample size of 84 will be randomly allocated into two experimental groups, (42 participants in each group), by computer generated random number list. The participants,randomly allocated to the experimental group A, will receive high intensity resisted exercises ,in addition with routine physical therapy as TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator), Hot pack, Deep friction massage Each session will be of 35-45 minutes with 5 minutes warm up, 35 minutes for training session and lastly 5 minutes for cool down • Participants in experimental group B, will receive Low intensity resisted exercises in addition with routine physical therapy
Total of 30 patients are selected according to inclusion criteria by convenient sampling and randomly allocated by sealed envelop method into two groups. Group 1 is treated with Muscle energy technique(Post isometric relaxation) and Group 2 is treated with Grade II,III Kaltenborn mobilizations and both groups also receives conventional therapy in form of Codman exercise and Wall ladder exercises.Data will be collected at baseline then after 2 weeks and after 4 weeks of intervention.
Consecutive patients with severe mitral stenosis and clot in left atrial appendage (LAA) on transesophageal echocardiography fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be recruited for this study. An ACUSON 128-XP echocardiographic system equipped with omniplane and biplane transesophageal probes will be used for this study. TEE followed by CT Angiography will be performed according to the standard procedure after obtaining informed consent.