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NCT ID: NCT01001507 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

Integrating Family Planning Services Into HIV Care and Treatment in Nyanza Province, Kenya

Start date: September 2009
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

This is a cluster randomized trial comparing the integration of family planning services into HIV care and treatment programs versus the standard referral for family planning services outside of HIV care and treatment programs within Suba, Kisumu East, Rongo and Migori districts in Nyanza province.

NCT ID: NCT00993811 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

The Shang Ring: A Novel Male Circumcision Device for HIV Prevention

ShangRing
Start date: October 2009
Phase: Phase 1
Study type: Interventional

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Shang Ring, a novel Chinese device for voluntary medical male circumcision, in order to improve the provision of male circumcision services for HIV prevention in Africa.

NCT ID: NCT00988039 Completed - HIV Clinical Trials

Europe-Africa Research Network for Evaluation of Second-line Therapy

EARNEST
Start date: March 2010
Phase: Phase 3
Study type: Interventional

The trial aim is to ascertain what, if anything, needs to be combined with a boosted protease inhibitor (bPI) backbone in second-line therapy in order to maximize the chance of a good clinical outcome following WHO-defined failure on a first-line nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and NNRTI-containing regimen with probable extensive NRTI and NNRTI resistance mutations.

NCT ID: NCT00987402 Completed - Clinical trials for Postoperative Wound Infection

Study of the Efficacy of Plain Soap and Water Versus Alcohol-based Rubs for Surgical Hand Preparation

Start date: January 2007
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2
Study type: Interventional

Surgical site infections (SSI) constitute a significant health-economic and clinical challenge. The investigators conducted a cluster-randomized, cross-over study to compare the efficacy of plain soap and water (PSW), used ubiquitously across sub-Saharan Africa for surgical hand preparation, to alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR), with SSI rates as the main outcome measure. A total of 3317 patients undergoing clean and clean-contaminated surgery were included in the study and followed up for 30 days.

NCT ID: NCT00971230 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

A Pilot Study of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) to Evaluate Safety, Acceptability, and Adherence in At-Risk Populations in Kenya, Africa

Start date: October 2009
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2
Study type: Interventional

This study will evaluate the safety and acceptability of an intermittent and daily PrEP regimen using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate plus Emtricitabine (FTC/TDF) in men and women at risk for HIV, and it will directly compare adherence and intracellular drug levels in daily and intermittent PrEP recipients. It will also evaluate the relationship between drug adherence, sexual behavior and intracellular drug levels with an intermittent PrEP regimen. In addition it will evaluate the relationship between adherence to an intermittent PrEP regimen and timing of sexual activity in relation to PrEP dosing. The study will use objective medication event monitoring medication event monitors (MEMS) adherence measurement and evaluate the feasibility of newer adherence measurements such as hair sampling and plasma drug levels. The study will also evaluate the feasibility of using SMS (text messages) to collect sexual activity data in an African setting. It will allow study teams and communities to prepare for potential subsequent larger trials of intermittent PrEP. This study is not sized to evaluate efficacy. If the intermittent PrEP regimen is shown to be safe, feasible in terms of adherence, and achieves intracellular drug levels similar to daily PrEP, these data could be used to design a larger phase 2 study with one or more intermittent PrEP regimens. The goal of such a trial would be to provide bridging data if daily PrEP regimens are found to be effective or to prepare for efficacy or non-inferiority trials of intermittent versus daily PrEP. Investigation of immune responses associated with FTC/TDF will also be evaluated in the pilot study. The proportion of volunteers on FTC/TDF with HIV-specific immune responses, due to exposures that did not lead to established HIV infection, will be assessed at 2-3 time points and compared to responses in volunteers assigned to placebo. Immune responses may be correlated with risk behavior and host factors, such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type. As noted above, very few HIV infections are expected to occur during the study, so correlation of HIV-specific immune responses and protection from infection or attenuation of disease progression will not be possible until a larger study is conducted.

NCT ID: NCT00934492 Completed - Nutrition Disorders Clinical Trials

Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis in Severely Malnourished Children

CTX
Start date: November 2009
Phase: Phase 3
Study type: Interventional

This trial aims to test the hypothesis that mortality among Kenyan children with severe malnutrition following initial stabilisation is due to ongoing vulnerability to infectious disease, and that long term daily co-trimoxazole prophylaxis will reduce mortality. The objective is to conduct a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for 6 months among HIV-uninfected children with severe malnutrition following stabilization. The primary outcome will be survival at one year. Secondary outcomes are toxicity, growth, the frequency and causes of hospitalisation and microbial resistance to antibiotics. Cotrimoxazole has striking protective efficacy against mortality among children with HIV, despite not altering the underlying immune deficiency. It is hypothesised that co-trimoxazole prophylaxis will have a similar effect in children immunocompromised because of severe malnutrition. Worldwide, severe malnutrition is commoner than HIV in childhood and co-trimoxazole is cheap and widely available, making it easily translatable to policy.

NCT ID: NCT00931216 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

Integration of HIV Care and Treatment Into Antenatal Care in Migori District, Kenya

Start date: June 2009
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

This study seeks to determine the most effective way to reach and provide pregnant women with accessible, comprehensive, and high quality HIV care and treatment.

NCT ID: NCT00919854 Completed - Clinical trials for Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

A Safety Study to Evaluate the Antiviral Activity of Darunavir in Combination With Ritonavir in HIV 1 Infected Children

Start date: September 2009
Phase: Phase 2
Study type: Interventional

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the medication), safety and antiviral activity to support dose recommendations by body weight of darunavir with low-dose ritonavir (DRV/rtv), in combination with other antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), in treatment-experienced Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV 1) infected children.

NCT ID: NCT00917891 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

An Expanded Safety Study of Dapivirine Gel 4759 in Africa

Start date: November 2009
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2
Study type: Interventional

The purpose of this study is to determine whether dapivirine gel 4759 is safe for daily use by healthy women in Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa and Tanzania.

NCT ID: NCT00914225 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

Effect of Bednets and a Water Purification Device on HIV Disease Progression Among ART naïve Patients in Kenya

ITN
Start date: September 2009
Phase: N/A
Study type: Observational

In many areas of the world most severely affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, insect and water-borne diseases such as malaria and diarrheal disease are common causes of illness and death. In addition, diarrhea and malaria are more common and more severe among adults and children infected with HIV. These infections may modulate the immune system, affect the replication of the HIV virus and could result in more rapid HIV disease progression in co-infected individuals. Access to practical, inexpensive and easy to use interventions to prevent these diseases may be effective in delaying HIV progression. Current Kenya government and World Health Organization guidelines recommend the use of cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP/SMX]) to prevent co-infections, including malaria. Despite the provision of TMP/SMX to HIV-infected adults, infections with malaria and pathogens causing diarrhea remain common causes of morbidity and mortality in many resource-limited settings. In addition, TMP/SMX may not prevent all infections with malaria or other pathogens due to alternative mechanisms of action, antimicrobial resistance and non-compliance due to adverse events or other reasons. We propose a study to evaluate the impact of providing insecticide treated bednets and a simple water filtration device on markers of HIV disease progression among a cohort of ART naïve, HIV infected adults prescribed TMP/SMX in Kenya. In addition, we propose to evaluate the effect of these interventions on malaria and diarrheal disease incidence and on compliance with TMP/SMX.