There are about 7970 clinical studies being (or have been) conducted in Japan. The country of the clinical trial is determined by the location of where the clinical research is being studied. Most studies are often held in multiple locations & countries.
Since neurological testing during neurosurgery, such as somato-sensory evoked potentials, motor-evoked potentials, auditory evoked potentials and visual evoked potentials are well maintained their wave-form reactivity with total intravenous anaesthesia technique better than inhalational anesthetic techniques, the standard anesthesia method for neurosurgery is usually total intravenous anaesthesia technique. Nonetheless, after finishing recording the evoked potential responses during surgery, facilitation of recovery from general anesthesia is getting important, because the real neurological physical examination is much more sensitive than above electrical evoked potentials to evaluate the results of surgical operation. We propose to evaluate the recovery parameters after conversion from total intravenous anaesthesia technique to Desflurane anesthesia during long term neurosurgery procedures. The conversion will be initiated upon completion of the neurophysiological electric evoked potentials assessment. Based on the pharmacological properties of desflurane, we hypothesize that recovery after conversion to Desflurane will be faster compared to recovery after total intravenous anaesthesia alone.
The use of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) analogues for the treatment of diabetic mellitus (DM) type 2 is growing (1,2). Currently, some of these agents have been approved in combination with insulin. The potential for combined use with insulin has garnered increasing attention due to reduce side effects associated with insulin therapy and improve glycemic control. Some investigators reported that GLP-1 analogue combined with insulin reduces HbA1c and weight with low risk of hypoglycemia and high treatment satisfaction (3). However, their duration of treatment was short time with less than a mean of 3.0 years and the alterations of chronic diabetic complications by combination with incretin-based and insulin therapies are not known. We evaluated the long effects of adding incretin-based therapy (DPP-4 inhibitors or GLP-1 analogues) to insulin therapy on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as glycemic control, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), insulin dosage, frequency of hypoglycemia, and chronic diabetic complications for 5 years-treatments.
Recently, DPP-IV inhibitors are used as a novel way to augment the incretin system and one of the newest classes of medications in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since the DPP-IV inhibitor was first used, about 5 years have passed in USA. However, there were no major side effects including occurrence of cancers. The main mechanism for DPP-IV inhibitors is due to suppress the function of DPP-IV activity. As it is known that the suppressed DPP-IV activity is a marker for early diagnosis of cancers, the reason of disassociation is not clear. Activation of receptor for advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) is related to sideration of cancers. Meanwhile, the DPP-IV inhibitors may be related to inhibit the activation of receptor for AGE (RAGE). Therefore, DPP-IV inhibitors may work as a cancer protective agent in diabetes by blocking the AGE-RAGE axis. However, it is not demonstrated why DPP-IV inhibitors have no side effect of occurrence of cancer via blocking the activation of AGE-RAGE. The investigators examined effect of DPP-IV inhibitors on frequency of cancers and the underlying mechanism using AGE and RAGE before and 5 years after administration of DPP-IV inhibitors in Japanese patients with T2DM.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of rebamipide for NSAID-induced small-intestinal injuries.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term clinical significance of small-intestinal mucosal injuries in chronic NSAIDs-users.
The purpose of this study is to investigate patient's usability, preference and blood glucose control for the new prefilled disposable insulin lispro mixture (Humalog Mix 25 injection KwikPen®). For that purpose, randomized open-label, 2-period direct comparative crossover study is planned in comparison with insulin aspart mixture (Novo Rapid 30 Mix injection FlexPen®).
Dry eye disease is related with oxidative stress at the ocular surface. GSH is one of the key factor of protect from oxidative stress. To evaluate thiol status of ocular surface cells by monitoring GSH concentration, we can evaluate the severity of dry eye.