View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:This is a randomized, double-blind, single-placebo, active-controlled, dose ranging parallel group design with 3 arms. Two dose regimens of CB-183,315 dosed twice daily will be compared with the active comparator oral vancomycin (125 milligrams (mg ) four times daily). Participants with diarrhea at risk for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) [for example, received prior or concomitant antibiotic(s)] will be identified and tested for C. difficile toxin in stool using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) per the usual standard of care. Eligible participants will be consented, undergo baseline evaluations, and will be randomized in a blinded fashion to one of 3 treatment arms. Participants will be randomized to receive either 125 mg CB-183,315 twice daily alternating with placebo tablets twice daily, 250 mg CB-183,315 twice daily alternating with placebo tablets twice daily or 125 mg oral vancomycin four times dailyover a period of 10 days in a 1:1:1 fashion.
This study will be a randomised controlled trial examining whether a new type of needle free access device(TEGO) is associated with less episodes of infection of dialysis lines, when compared to the current gold standard. The investigators hypothesise that there will be less handling of the dialysis line by nursing staff and thus this will lead to lower rates of infection. The investigators will also assess whether these access devices lead to alterations in catheter blood flow rates when compared to the current gold standard.
DNA vaccines consist of small pieces of DNA also known as plasmids, and have several potential advantages over traditional vaccines. Thus far, DNA vaccines appear to be well tolerated in humans. We have developed DNA vaccine, PENNVAX-B, which includes plasmids targeting the gag, pol, and env proteins of HIV-1. The vaccine will be delivered via electroporation (EP) which uses the CELLECTRA constant current device to deliver a small electric charge following injection, since animal studies have shown that this delivery method increases the immune response to vaccine. The vaccine will be given to HIV-1 infected subjects whose viral load is undetectable on a HAART regimen, with CD4 lymphocyte count above 400 cells/µL of blood. It is hypothesized that PENNVAX-B + EP will be safe and well tolerated.
The purpose of this study is to find a correlation between function of cytomegalovirus -specific T cells and the probability for intrauterine transmission.
The study project can be divided into two parts: (1) health screening for the community and (2) clinical diagnosis and treatment for patients at National Referral Hospital (NRH) in Solomon islands. The health screening includes a questionnaire, stool parasitic screening and blood laboratory tests. A total of 800 subjects will participate in this study. The collected samples are venous blood (20 ml/per subject) and stool in order to conduct the related tests mentioned above. As for the collection of target patients, KMUH will cooperate with NRH to collect two kinds of blood samples: the blood samples of confirmed malarial cases and those of cases suspicious of Flaviviral, Alpha-viral, Rickettsial, and Leptospiral infections. The expected received cases are 600 each year. The venous blood samples (20 ml/per subject) will be used to conduct related tests mentioned above. At the same time, the subjects will also have to fill out a related questionnaire which includes height, weight, waist line, heath behavior and habit, and past history, etc.
Rationale: Infection following total knee replacement (TKA) is a devastating complication that usually requires prosthesis removal, hospitalization while the infection is eradicated, and a second surgery to implant a revision prosthesis. For primary TKA, prophylactic antibiotic-loaded cement (ABC) may not only reduce the rate of infection it may also reduce the rate of revisions due to implant loosening. Current controversy about the use of ABC exists around the world. Without a definitive trial, patients will be exposed to a treatment of uncertain efficacy that may cause antibiotic resistant bacterial strains and will certainly generate high costs to the healthcare system. Purpose: To determine, 1) the extent to which ABC compared to regular cement reduces the infection rate in patients over the first two years following TKA and, 2) the resource use implications associated with the use of ABC for TKA. Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial in which 8,800 patients with undergoing primary TKA are allocated to either Simplex™ P with Tobramycin or Simplex™ P bone cement. We will exclude patients with a prior joint infection, an allergy to tobramycin, and those with no fixed address. All patients will be administered IV antibiotics immediately prior to surgery. Patients and surgeons will be blind to group allocation. The primary outcome measure is infection. Follow-up visits will take place at 6 weeks and 3, 12 and 24 months postoperative. A blinded adjudicator will review all reported infections and determine whether the putative infection is a study event. Blinded radiologists will interpret the 2 year series of radiographs for each patient. We will compare the rates of infection and implant loosening between the two treatment groups using survival analyses. This study includes a full economic analysis.
The purpose of this study is to establish whether cranberry capsules reduce rates of urinary tract infections during initial rehabilitation immediately after spinal cord injury.
Patients with confirmed C. difficile infection (CDI) who meet eligibility requirements will be invited to participate. All study patients must receive treatment for CDI with metronidazole or vancomycin. Enrolled patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive MIYA-BM Fines Granules [Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 Strain (CBM588)] or a placebo orally twice a day for 42 days. Patients will be evaluated for safety and clinical outcomes through Day 180. Occurrence of adverse events (AEs), diarrhea history, and concomitant medications will be evaluated at scheduled study visits and telephone contacts.
Klacid Granules for Oral Suspension provides short symptoms' recovery time in Thai children with lower respiratory tract infections.
The investigators hypothesize that Klacid modified release (MR) shortens symptom recovery time in Thai patients with upper or lower respiratory tract infections.