View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) fixed dose combination (FDC) with or without ribavirin (RBV) in Egyptian adults with chronic genotype 4 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
Suriname is a small developing country in South America with a population of half a million people. Early neonatal death in Suriname is high with 16 per 1000 live births. Unpublished data from the Suriname Perinatal and Infant Mortality Survey estimate contribution of infection to early neonatal mortality at 25% (4 per 1000 live births) of all deaths. In comparison, incidence rates of neonatal sepsis alone are 3.5 per 1000 live births. These numbers indicate an increased burden of neonatal infection in Suriname versus the U.S. In any case about 40 newborns that die each year of infection are a huge loss, also considering the small Surinamese community. Despite this overall idea on the impact of infectious disease in Surinamese neonates exact information regarding incidence, type of infection (e.g., localized, viral, early-onset or late-onset sepsis), risk factors (e.g., insufficient antenatal care, maternal Group B-Streptococcus status), etiology, microbial causes, morbidity, antibiotic treatment (type and duration), and epidemiological determinants (e.g., gestational age, sex, ethnicity) are lacking. From a clinical perspective, there is still a challenge to identify neonates with infection. Neonates are often admitted with ambivalent clinical symptoms and receive preventive antibiotics that are costly, promote pathogen-resistance, and have negative long-term effects (i.e., on the development of the intestinal bacterial flora). Currently, assessment of blood leukocyte or trombocyte counts and levels of CRP are insufficiently sensitive to be used as biomarkers, while confirmation of actual sepsis or meningitis by positive culture results is relatively rare (0.5-3% in the United States). This complicates decisions on duration of antibiotic treatment and hospitalization significantly, while no other biomarkers exist. The circulating isoforms of adhesion molecules (cAMs), which mediate interactions of leukocytes with the vascular endothelium, have been proposed as biomarkers for infection and sepsis. During infection they accumulate in the bloodstream as a result of shedding, which represents their removal from cell surfaces of endothelial cells and leukocytes by enzymes called sheddases. Recently, we have reviewed mechanisms behind shedding of cAMs in neonatal, pediatric and adult sepsis. The shedding process reflects a critical and active process in orchestrating interaction between leukocytes and the endothelium for an effective host response, while minimizing collateral tissue damage. As a result, both plasma levels of cAMs and their sheddases are subject to change during infection and sepsis. Additionally, compelling, albeit limited, data suggest changes of levels of cAMs in CSF in adult and pediatric meningitis. To date, some evidence exists of changes in levels of cAMs during malaria (in children from Malawi) and sepsis, although not sensitive enough to predict outcomes in the clinic. Those levels have never been assessed simultaneously with levels of their sheddases in blood or CSF as a diagnostic tool. We propose that this combined approach may provide more detailed information about the extent of inflammatory activation in neonates.While a balance in levels is maintained under resting conditions or mild (local) infection, it may be perturbed during sepsis or meningitis . Thus, simultaneous measurement of these levels could promote early identification of infection, and may even distinguish between mild infection, systemic infection or meningitis. Currently, manufacturers are rapidly developing Luminex® technology as an advanced, fast, high-throughput and clinically feasible bedside tool for such an approach. We hypothesize that incidence rates of neonates with infection in Suriname are high. We further hypothesize that, upon signs of infection, the simultaneous measurement of cAMs and their SEs in serum and CSF discriminates between infected and non-infected neonates. We aim to: 1) identify and follow neonates at the Academic Hospital Paramaribo with signs of infection to establish incidence rates of infection, and 2) investigate diagnostic potential of our proposed biomarker combination in these neonates for infection, type of infection (e.g., local (mild), sepsis or meningitis) and outcomes.
This was a randomized, multicenter, multinational, double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of plazomicin compared with meropenem followed by optional oral (PO) therapy in the treatment of cUTI, including AP, in adults.
This was a Phase 2/3, open-label, multicenter study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy, and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir (OBV/PTV/RTV) with or without dasabuvir (DSV) and with or without ribavirin (RBV) in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 or 4 (GT1 or GT4)-infected pediatric participants of ≥ 3 to 17 years of age.
Up to now, there is few randomized, large scale study prospectively and simultaneously comparing the efficacy, adverse effects and patient adherence of high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) as 1st-line regimens for H. pylori eradication. The aims of this study are: 1. to compare the efficacy of HDDT, and BQT as 1st-line regimen in H. pylori eradication; 2. to compare the patient adherence and adverse effects of these treatment regimens; 3. to investigate factors that may influence H. pylori eradication by these treatment regimens.
This study purposed to examine the adequate range of therapeutic concentration for Korean people by observing curative effects, side effects, blood concentration, etc. in treating CRAB-infected patients with colistin.
This multicentre, parallel group, block randomised clinical trial aims to investigate the post booster antibody response in UK infants given a reduced priming schedule of meningococcal serogroup B vaccine and 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. It will provide information about how best to include the meningococcal B vaccine (likely to be introduced late 2015) into the routine immunisation schedule. The UK Department of Health provides a routine vaccination schedule for children in the UK and are advised by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI). The Department of Health have announced that the meningococcal B vaccine (Bexsero) be introduced to the routine schedule as a 2+1 schedule. Cost effectiveness could also be improved by removing the current MenC conjugate vaccine dose given at 3 months of age. There is no published immunogenicity data for Bexsero when given at 2, 4 and 12 months of age (2+1 schedule) and with concomitant Infanrix/IPV/Hib which has now replaced Pediacel in the infant programme. This change to the schedule would result in three injections at 2, 4 and 12 months, and given previous reluctance among parents for three injections at one visit, an option to reduce PCV13 to a 1+1 schedule (priming dose at 3 months and booster at 12 months) will be assessed in this study.
This non-interventional study aims to characterize the cells infected with HIV over time in different types of vagino-uterine tissue.
This phase II trial studies how well donor cytotoxic T lymphocytes work in treating patients with malignancies with BK and/or JC virus. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are made from donated blood cells that are grown in the laboratory and are designed to kill viruses that can cause infections in transplant patients and may be an effective treatment in patients with malignancies with BK and/or JC virus.
The development of surgical site infections (SSI) in clean-contaminated surgery is regarded as being preventable. Known to be effective in the prevention of surgical site infection are the adequate sterilization of the surgical instruments, asepsis during operation, antibiotic prophylaxis where indicated, and certainly the preparation of the skin at the incision site, since the patient's skin is the principal source of bacterial contamination of the wound. This study aims to investigate the efficacy in prevention of surgical site infection in clean surgery, using two different standardized methods of skin preparation: povidone-iodine 10% aqueous solution from 1.5 liter bulk bottle, versus tinted 2% chlorhexidine in 70% isopropyl alcohol in a single-dose applicator. To reduce the variables involved, a single-center study will enroll a homogeneous population, undergoing breast cancer surgery.