View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:This study hypothesizes that early-onset neonatal Infections are related to premature rupture of membrane (PROM) and that early intervention can improve the prognosis of newborns. The objective of this study is to analyze the correlation between PROM and early-onset neonatal infections and to assess the prognosis of newborns. A cohort study is designed to implement the study. The subjects of study group are pregnant women who are diagnosed as PROM or chorioamnionitis and whose gestational age is ≥ 24 weeks. The subjects of control group are pregnant women without PROM and chorioamnionitis. Control group and research group are paired at 1: 1 ratio. The main contents of the study include three aspects. (1) The correlation between PROM and chorioamnionitis. (2) The correlation between PROM and early-onset neonatal infections. (3) The pathogenesis of intrauterine infection and neonatal infection.
Throughout project, the investigators design, evaluate and disseminate infection control and antibiotic stewardship (ABS) measures aimed at reducing the incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). The measures will focus on known departments with high incidence of CDI, i.e. a) hematology/oncology, b) other departments/wards demonstrating above-average infection rates, which were identified throughout previous studies. The infection control package will include staff training, hand hygiene programs and disinfection measures. Throughout the ABS package, investigators will develop and implement ABS measures specifically designed for patients at the highest risk of developing hospital-acquired infections, i.e. those treated on hematological/oncological wards. Potentially useful ABS actions even in critically ill patients are early reduction of exposure based on microbiological results, timely cessation of anti-infective treatment, thoughtful implementation of screening measures and biomarkers, defined approaches to patients known to be allergic to penicillins, and vigorous enforcement of clinical and microbiological diagnosis of infection focus. The IC and ABS measures aim at educating and assisting clinical personnel in realizing treatments according to official guidelines. There will not be a direct contact between study personnel and patient. There will be no direct recruitment of patients.
Infections are common on the Intensive Care for both adult and pediatric patients. Adequately dosing antibiotic treatment is of vital importance but both under- and overdosing is frequent due to pathophysiological changes during critical illness. Moreover, the interplay of age and critical illness is even more understudied. To optimize antibiotic dosing and outcome of infectious disease, personalized dosing guidelines in critically ill patients are highly needed. In this prospective observational population pharmacokinetic study we will evaluate if target attainment for antibiotics is reached in critically ill children with current dosing guidelines. Using these data, individualized dosing guidelines will be developed.
The clinical study of the microbial colonization of chronic keratinized hand eczema and the change of microbial colonization after external using of Halometasone Triclosan Cream
Our objective is to establish pharmacological equivalence of intermittent and continuous infusion of cloxacillin during methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bone and joint infections (BJI). Twelve patients suffering MSSA BJI will receive both administration modalities and serum concentrations of cloxacillin will be determined after 3 days of II and 3 days of continuous infusion in a prospective, randomized, open-label, monocentric crossover study design.
This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase 3 study of a microbiota suspension of intestinal microbes. Patients who have had at least one recurrence after a primary episode and have completed at least one round of standard-of-care oral antibiotic therapy or have had at least two episodes of severe Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) resulting in hospitalization within the last year may be eligible for the study. Subjects who are deemed failures following the blinded treatment per the pre-specified treatment failure definition may elect to receive an unblinded dose of RBX2660.
Clinical research question: Can OM-85 reduce the recurrence of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children with AH by stimulating the immunological response of the host and therefore, as a consequence reduce the size of adenoid tissue in children with adenoid hypertrophy? Can this prevent further complications such as surgery need? Half of participants will receive OM-85, while other half will receive a placebo.
The study aims to explore whether prophylactic dietary supplementation with prebiotic inulin-type fructans is able to influence the intestinal microbiota and the frequency of infectious disease episodes in kindergarten children during a winter period.
Background: HIV affects millions of people. The disease may "hide" in the brain, even in people with well-controlled HIV without cancer. Then it may "wake up" and continue. The drug pembrolizumab uses the body's immune system to fight cells like cancer cells. It is approved to treat some cancers but not HIV. Researchers want to see if it is safe for HIV-positive people without cancer. This study is not for HIV treatment; only one dose of the drug will be used. Objective: To learn if the drug pembrolizumab, used to treat certain cancers, is safe for HIV-positive people. Eligibility: Adults ages 18 and older with HIV who are in another NIH protocol Design: Participants will be screened with: - Medical history - Physical and neurological exams - Blood tests - Lumbar puncture. The lower back will be numbed. A needle will remove fluid from between back bones. - FDG-PET/CT. A radioactive sugar will be injected in a thin plastic tube (catheter) inserted in an arm vein. Participants will rest for an hour, urinate, then lie in the scanner. A mask will hold the head still. - Leukapheresis. An optional procedure at baseline. White blood cells are removed from you using a serum cell separator machine Women who can become pregnant cannot take pembrolizumab. Men who take it must use 2 kinds of contraception. Participants will have up to 7 more visits, which repeat some screening tests. At 1 visit, participants will get one dose of pembrolizumab by catheter for 30 minutes. They will get allergy and pain medicines. At 2 visits, participants will have a brain MRI. They will get a contrast agent by catheter. They will lie in a metal cylinder that takes pictures for 1-2 hours. They will get earplugs for loud sounds.
The study consists of two arms (PHARM and PEER) designed to educate participants about three vaccine-preventable diseases (zoster, pneumonia, and influenza) and vaccination. PHARM will consist of a 60-minute presentation about the three vaccine-preventable diseases and their vaccinations delivered by a pharmacist, featuring a didactic lecture and discussion supplemented by video clips of community members discussing their experiences around vaccination, as well as physicians underscoring the importance of vaccination. PEER will consist of a 60-minute small-group session led by a peer educator which includes scripted roleplaying exercises designed to reinforce learnings pertaining to these three vaccine-preventable diseases and their vaccinations. The components of these interventions will be designed to address specific barriers to vaccination identified by literature search and our prior work in the area of community-based vaccine education. Both arms will focus primarily on pneumococcal disease and zoster but will include limited content on influenza because participants are likely to have questions about how the flu and its vaccination differ from pneumococcal diseases and zoster. The study will be implemented in an older, predominantly African-American (AA) population, consistent with our prior work in this area.