View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:Foods in the human diet can affect the development of diseases over time, such as diabetes or heart disease. This is because the amount and types of foods in the diet eat can affect a person's weight, and because different foods are metabolised (processed) by the body in different ways. Scientists have also found that the bacteria in the human gut (the gut microbiome) affect their metabolism, weight and health and that, together with a person's diet and metabolism, could be used to predict appetite and how meals affect the levels of sugar (glucose) and fats (lipids) found in blood after eating. If blood sugar and fat are too high too often for too long, there is a greater chance of developing diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The gut microbiome is different in different people. Only 10-20% of the types of bacteria found in the human gut are found in everyone. This might mean that the best diet to prevent disease needs matching to a person's gut microbiome and it might be possible to find personalised foods or diets that will help reduce the chance of developing chronic disease as well as metabolic syndrome. The study investigators are recruiting volunteers aged 18-70 years to take part in a study that aims to answer the questions above. Participants will be asked to consume standardised meals on up to 8 days while wearing glucose monitors (Abbott Freestyle Libre) to measure their blood sugar levels. Participants will also be required to prick their fingers at regular intervals to collect small amounts of blood, and to record their appetite, food, physical activity and sleep using apps and wearable devices. They will be asked to collect a fecal and saliva sample before consuming the standardised meals, and to provide a fasted blood sample at the end of the study period.
Given the frequency and severity of invasive pneumococcal infections and questions about the place of VPC-13 in the prevention of pneumococcal infections in adults based on the presence of risk factors, current laboratory surveillance should be supplemented with data on the clinical features of adult invasive pneumococcal infections (IPI) cases. In particular it is necessary to collect for these cases, the clinical forms, the severity and the existence of risk factors and to make the link between these characteristics and those strains of pneumococci responsible for the IPI in particular, their serotype. The follow-up of the evolution of the cases according to the presence of risk factors, their clinical form and their serotype coverage (vaccine strain or not) must to guide recommendations for adult VPC-13 and to monitor the effects of VPC-13 vaccination recommendations. These effects are indirect, linked to the effect of vaccination of children with VPC-13 since 2010, which modifies the serotypes responsible for infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients, and the direct effects of possible use of the conjugate vaccine in adults (according to the recommendations that will be given by the Vaccination Technical Committee of the High Council of Public Health). The project is based on the existing network of 23 Regional Pneumococcal Observatories (ORP) located in metropolitan France and the network of infectious diseases by completing the microbiological collection of strains of pneumococci isolated from invasive infections in adults by a clinical collection in hospitals or voluntary clinics where the laboratory participates in the ORP. Given the establishment in 2012 of an adult bacterial meningitis observatory, to which the ORP are associated, this project does not include the surveillance of pneumococcal meningitis in adults.
This study will seek to describe current practice of antibiotic prophylaxis to identify the effect of appropriate perioperative antimicrobial coverage - specifically regarding timing, dose adjustments, and redosing - on surgical site infections (SSI).
The purpose of this research is to determine if a new antibiotic called dalbavancin will work to treat and cure certain infections while reducing the need for daily antibiotics by vein.
This is a Phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine the dose regimen, safety, tolerability, and efficacy of VP-102 in subjects with External Genital Warts (EGW). This study is divided into two parts (Part A and Part B). Increasing durations of skin exposure to study drug (VP-102 or placebo) will be evaluated in three treatment groups prior to progressing to enrollment in Part B. Part A & B will enroll a approximately 108 subjects completing 4 treatment applications every 21 days and continuing with follow-up assessments at Day 84, 112 and 147.
In post-menopausal women, the condition atrophic vaginitis results from the loss of oestrogen and is characterised by dyspareunia (pain during intercourse), vaginal dryness, and vaginal irritation. It is often diagnosed alongside recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) and may increase susceptibility to rUTI. Topical vaginal oestrogen can be used to re-condition the vaginal epithelium and also reduces the incidence of rUTIs. However, patients often express concerns about using oestrogen, a hormonal treatment. Studies also report side-effects including vaginal bleeding, discharge, burning and itching that underpin significant (28%) drop-out rates. Hence, alternative non-hormonal, non-antibiotic based therapies that treat the vaginal atrophy, but also reduce the incidence of rUTI are needed. Recurrent UTI in adult women is common. Bacteria from the gut can colonise the vulvar epithelia and then the bladder, causing uncomfortable urinary symptoms (cystitis). The lifetime risk of a UTI is around 40% in adult women which increases in post-menopausal women. Annually, UTI incidence is 3%. Of those affected, 5% will suffer rUTI, rising to 13% in the over 60 population. This equates to over 300,000 of the adult female UK population annually affected by rUTI. The most frequent treatment for rUTIs is low dose antibiotics, but this treatment causes the bacteria carried by such women to become antibiotic resistant, which exacerbates the clinical problem. The prevalence of antimicrobial multi-resistance within post-menopausal women suffering from rUTI is around 25% and was shown to rise to more than 80% following prolonged antibiotics. These data support the use of non-antibiotic treatment strategies that prevent rUTI and the emergence of drug resistant micro-organisms. This study will compare two groups with differing treatment strategies. One group will be primarily treated for atrophic vaginitis with topical vaginal hyaluronate and the other will be primarily treated for their recurrent UTI with intravesical hyaluronate.
To assess whether the practice of using separate sterile gloves and instruments to close wounds at the end of surgery compared to current routine hospital practice can reduce surgical site infection
To demonstrate the prophylactic effect of calcium sulfate beads loaded with antibiotic in patients with non-modifiable risk factors that will undergo a hip or knee joint replacement, comparing with a control group. To know the economic cost generated in antibiotic prophylaxis with calcium sulfate beads in patients undergoing hip or knee joint replacement with non-modifiable risk factors.
This is a randomized, open label, comparative, Phase II study to determine which dose of fecal microbiota transplant using Penn Microbiome Therapy (PMT) products is most effective in treating and preventing recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection (C diff).
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading infectious agent causing congenital disabilities such as mental retardation, psychomotor delay, hearing loss, speech and language disabilities, behavioural disorders and visual impairment. About 0.6% newborns are HCMV-congenitally infected and, among these, about 20% are symptomatic at birth or will develop long-term sequelae. The public health impact of congenital HCMV is substantial although greatly unrecognized. In Italy, estimated direct costs per affected child exceed €100.000 for a total of €60-70M. HCMV is also a significant cause of infection/disease in the immunocompromised host. Epidemiological studies and population-based models have preliminarily documented that most of the burden associated to congenital HCMV would be due to non-primary maternal infection. Presently, reinfections are believed to be responsible for the great majority of infected fetuses born to immune mothers. This study addresses incidence, outcome and prevention of congenital HCMV infection in seropositive pregnant women.The study includes 2 parts: part 1 in which the incidence and outcome of congenital HCMV is investigated in a large population of HCMV seropositive pregnant women and HCMV shedding and immune response is closely monitored in a subset of participants (nested study); part 2 in which the efficacy of an hygiene intervention is assessed.