View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:Study Hypothesis: Do certain risk behaviours impact/predict levels of HIV antiretroviral adherence? Objectives: - To assess risk behavior in HIV-positive individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.(HAART) - To assess levels of adherence in the same subjects at the same time point - To determine if there is a correlation between HAART adherence and risk behaviour
Primary Objectives: 1. To determine whether high-risk sexual behaviors are more common in patients with oropharyngeal cancer than in patients with head and neck cancers of other sub-sites. 2. To determine if high-risk sexual behaviors are more common in patients with HPV (human papillomavirus) associated head and neck cancer than those without evidence of HPV-16 infection.
Abstract: Over 25 million HIV-1 infected individuals are currently living in Africa and as many as 50-90% may be co-infected with soil transmitted helminths such as roundworms, hookworms or whipworms. Helminth infection in HIV-1-infected individuals may increase HIV-1 RNA levels and increase the rate of progression of HIV-1 to AIDS. Studies have also shown that successful treatment of helminth co-infection (as documented by clearance of helminth eggs in stool) led to a significant decrease in HIV-1 plasma viral load (-0.36 log10). This change in viral load was significantly greater than that seen in those individuals without documented clearance of their helminth co-infection (+0.67 log10) (p=0.04). Studies conducted in Africa have shown an estimated 2.5-fold increased risk for sexual transmission of the HIV-1 for each log increase in plasma HIV-1 viral load. In addition to direct effects on plasma viral load, the rate of CD4 cell decline in helminth infected individuals may be directly impacted by the significant immune activation seen with such co-infection. The investigators propose a randomized controlled trial examining the potential benefits of routine empiric helminth eradication in HIV-1 infected adults who do not yet qualify for antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in Kenya. The current standard of care of symptomatic diagnosis and treatment will be compared to a systematic empiric scheduled de-worming program for HIV infected adults. The investigators will compare markers of disease progression including rate of CD4 decline and changes in HIV-1 RNA levels between the two treatment arms.
The main purpose of this study is to find out whether changing the hospital policy to allow switch from glycopeptide antibiotics (given by intravenous drip), to an equally effective oral antibiotic (linezolid) will enable patients who are otherwise well enough to be discharged from hospital sooner. The secondary objectives are 1. To identify those patients who could potentially be discharged on an oral agent from those being treated with a glycopeptide, thus helping target this approach most effectively 2. To evaluate the cost involved and compare this with the costs that would have taken place if use of an oral agent and discharge had not occurred.
Infections are the most feared complications developing in patient who had had kidney transplantation. The aim of this study is to document the local disease pattern among this group of patients.
The overall objective of the MEDI-534 clinical development program is to evaluate the safety, efficacy and tolerability of MEDI-534 for the prevention of serious RSV and PIV3 disease in young infants.
A study to compare the safety and efficacy of moxifloxacin to ertapenem in patients with intra-abdominal infections.
This is an open, randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Objectives: - To describe the safety profiles during the 21 days following each primary and booster injection. - To describe the immune response 21 days after each primary and booster injection of each formulation. - To describe the antibody persistence after the first vaccination
Background: The incidence of lung cancer is quite high among people with the human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus. Frequent smoking may explain that cancer increase, given that 50% to 70% of HIV-infected people are current smokers. Recent research suggests that other factors may be involved as well. Smoking habits, such as smoking earlier in life or smoking more cigarettes a day than others do, may have a role. Also, HIV-infected smokers seem to have a greater risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The association of HIV and COPD is important, because COPD itself is linked to an increased risk of lung cancer. About 1,600 subjects from the study known as ALIVE (AIDS Linked to the Intra-Venous Experience), which began in 1988 in Baltimore, Maryland, will be given a detailed questionnaire on smoking behaviors and lung cancer risk factors. They will also have spirometry testing, to evaluate lung function. Objectives: To better characterize smoking habits and compare tobacco use among HIV-infected and uninfected drug users. To compare serum cotinine levels and spirometry results, as a marker of tobacco use and a marker of damage to lung function, respectively. Eligibility: Patients 18 years of age and older who are in the ALIVE cohort. Design: Patients undergo the following procedures: - Completing a questionnaire on smoking history. Questions include age when smoking began, periods of quitting smoking, average number of cigarettes per day for specific periods, amount of each cigarette smoked, depth of inhalation, type of cigarette, nicotine dependence, use of other smoked [Note: I would not mention that these drugs are illegal] drugs, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, past medical history, and recent respiratory symptoms. - Spirometry testing. Patients are asked to breathe as deeply as possible and then rapidly exhale into a tube. The forced expiration volume in 1 second reflects the average flow rate during the first second, and it can be used to determine the degree of pulmonary obstruction. - Blood samples. Tests measure levels of cotinine, a chemical made by the body from nicotine. African American males, who constitute the majority of the ALIVE cohort, participate in this test. Results would show how much tobacco smoke has recently entered the body. For this test, researchers plan to evaluate 240 current tobacco smokers and 100 participants who report no recent cigarette use.
The purpose of this study is to test the effects of Vitamin D on renal phosphate and bone loss, which are common in HIV infected adolescents and young adults being treated with tenofovir.