View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:The respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are a very common problem with high morbidity in children. These conditions were due, in general, immaturity and all "inexperience" of the immune system, as well as to the particular anatomical structure and function of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract still developing. This inevitably means that school-age children develop disease (as a result of infection) more easily than at later ages. The frequency and duration of these conditions implies a high discomfort and incur significant costs in relation to drug administration, the need for hospitalization, days of absence from school and work days lost by parents. Recently probiotics, defined as "microorganisms that prove able, once ingested in adequate amounts, exert beneficial functions for the body "have been proposed for the treatment of treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections of childhood but only in recent years have been conducted controlled clinical trials that have conclusively proven effectiveness. All probiotics induce an immune response, the characteristics of which are related to the strain or the mixture of bacteria used. Recent studies have demonstrated positive effects of probiotics on the respiratory system, and in particular on the prevention and reduction of the severity of respiratory infections, probably mediated by an increase of cells that secrete Immunoglobulin A in bronchial mucosa. It 'been shown that probiotics can be a sure way to reduce the risk of early acute otitis media and the use of antibiotics for recurrent respiratory infections during the first year of life. Similar results were seen in a study conducted on a population of 326 children aged between 3 and 5 years, who found a decrease in the incidence of antibiotic use by over 65% and a reduction of days of absence of more than 25% among children treated with a probiotic. Many of the studied effects of probiotics, understandably, refer to the digestive system. These effects relate to both conditions paraphysiological (constipation) and more specifically in situations of illness. Most of the studies carried out in recent years has demonstrated the efficacy of specific probiotics in reducing the symptoms in the pediatric population affected by infectious gastroenteritis. Probiotics reduce the duration of infectious diarrhea by 0.7 days and reduce the frequency of diarrheal episodes in the first few hours. The microbiota on the other hand participates in the function of the mucosal barrier against the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria, crucial time for the start of the infectious process. When this barrier function is altered by chemical agents, by antigens or by stressors of different nature, may manifest intestinal disorders, sometimes due to the growth of bacteria pathogens. Numerous experimental data suggest that probiotics can contribute to the reinforcement of the activities of gut mucosal barrier, in particular aspects affecting the functionality of the intestinal epithelial cells or macrophages. More recently it has been shown that daily intake for 3 months of preparation with probiotics reduce the incidence and severity of the most common respiratory infections and limits the number of days of absence school children during the winter season. It's scientifically recognized as some probiotic effects can also be obtained with the use of inactivated bacteria or bacterial components isolated (eg bacterial DNA). It has been recently proposed a modified definition of probiotic products as "prepared bacterial cells or bacterial components that have a beneficial effect on the health and welfare of the host". Among these products "probiotic-like" fall ingredients object of this study: food ingredients (rice flour and skim milk) fermented, or in which has been made to grow a probiotic (Lactobacillus CBA-L74) that has been inactivated at the end of the fermentation process through a heat treatment. The benefits are attributable to bacterial components that remain in the final product (for example, DNA, cell wall, etc.) and factors produced during the fermentation (short chain fatty acids, bacterial proteins, etc.). The main effects of these bacterial components relate to the stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), through interaction with the immune cells via Toll-like receptors. In addition, some components, such as proteins and peptides, may have a Bifidogenic activity and are available in the literature some studies that have demonstrated the ability of infant formula, milk-based fermented to reduce the severity of episodes of infectious diarrhea in children. With this data, the Commission of the European Society of Nutrition Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition (ESPGHAN) has defined this type of products are not only safe but to determine a potential prebiotic effect and the reduction of the severity of episodes of infectious diarrhea.
The main objective of the study is to investigate the impact of H. pylori infection on immune activation and clinical outcome in HIV patients. Other specific study objectives are: 1. To investigate the effects of H. pylori infection on immune activation and the T-cell profile in HIV positive patients and compare those with HIV negative controls. 2. To assess the influence of H. pylori infection on virological and immune parameters, and on clinical progression of HIV infection (WHO stage, opportunistic infections). 3. To assess the prevalence of H. pylori infection among HIV patients in the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. 4. To assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in HIV patients in Kumasi. 5. To assess the association of H. pylori infection with gastrointestinal symptoms and pathology in HIV patients. 6. To compare the clinical and immunological response to antiretroviral therapy and in HIV-patients with and without concomitant H. pylori infection.
Healthy volunteers are being recruited for this pharmacokinetics study. The objective is to characterize the pharmacokinetic properties of maraviroc alone and when administered with rifabutin and to assess rifabutin and 25-O-desacetyl-rifabutin pharmacokinetics compared to the literature.
To assess the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of a single dose of CAZ-AVI in children from 3 months of age to <18 years.
We propose a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Skin intervention, compared to an assessment-only condition (both groups receive rapid HIV testing, a review of testing results, and brief HIV prevention counseling) among 350 injection drug users recruited during an acute medical hospitalization at Boston Medical Center. In the general hospital setting, injection drug users who otherwise might not seek care are accessible and teachable, and the presence of a drug-related illness can set the stage for patients to be more receptive to interventions2. We hypothesize that the Skin intervention will produce better outcomes at 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month(s) post-intervention.
The purpose of this study is to examine whether Negative Pressure Wound Therapy is an effective wound treatment compared to conventional wound treatment in the period of time from reoperation to re-suturing in women having surgical wound rupture after Caesarean Section.
The purpose of this study is to examine whether obese women (BMI >= 30) who give birth by caesarean section have a reduced incidence of wound infection and dehiscence when incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy is applied prophylactically following caesarean section.
The aim of this trial is to test the efficacy of an infant formula containing synbiotics on the prevention of gastro-intestinal infections.
This study seeks to compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Factive 200mg Intravenous Formulation (Gemifloxacin 200mg) with those of Factive 320mg Tablet Formulation (Gemifloxacin 320mg) and to explore possibility of clinical use of the IV formulation.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in various inflammatory conditions caused by bacterial infection or vasculitis. Glucose analog FDG is sensitive to detect inflammation foci but we hypothesize that other imaging agents such as PK11195 and Ga-citrate may have added value in certain applications.