View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:GSK1265744 (744) is an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) currently in development for both the treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Renal elimination of unchanged 744 is extremely low, with no parent 744 detected in the urine after a single 30 mg radiolabeled dose. Despite the minimal contribution of renal clearance on overall 744 elimination, renal impairment may potentially inhibit some pathways of hepatic and gut drug metabolism and transport, and as a result may impact 744 pharmacokinetics. The current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) draft guidance for renal impairment studies suggests that a pharmacokinetic (PK) study in patients with renal impairment be conducted even for those drugs primarily metabolized or secreted in bile. The study will be comprised of two cohorts (severe renal impairment and normal renal function) of 8 subjects each. Upon enrolment, each subject will be admitted to the study center and undergo serial PK sampling following a single dose of oral 744 30 milligrams (mg). Subjects will return to the clinic for follow-up evaluations 10-14 days after the 744 30 mg dose.
This is an observational safety and efficacy study on dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in Timika, Indonesia with a 42 day follow up period.
This is a prospective Infection Control study comparing rates of antibiotic usage and infections in the General Intensive Care Unit (GICU) in beds with copper impregnated linens versus regular linens.
The overall goal of this Community Central Line Infection Prevention (CCLIP) trial, supported by grant R01 HS022870 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, is to determine whether use of a promising new intervention, namely 70% isopropyl alcohol embedded protective caps on central lines, in the home setting is associated with a reduction in ambulatory central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) in a high-risk population of pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Despite successes in CLABSI reduction efforts for inpatients, it remains unknown what generalizable best practices should be with chronic central lines in the home setting and how effective involving patients and caregivers across multiple institutions in CLABSI reduction efforts will be. This research will involve a cluster-randomized, cross-over design, clinical trial. This proposal will focus on the caregivers integral to ambulatory pediatric central line care: patients and families. The specific aims of the proposed research program are: Specific Aim #1: Evaluate whether use of 70% isopropyl alcohol embedded protective caps on central lines reduces the rate of CLABSI in ambulatory pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Hypothesis: Use of 70% isopropyl alcohol embedded protective caps on central lines will be associated with at least a 25% reduction in the ambulatory CLABSI rate for pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Specific Aim #2: Evaluate whether use of 70% isopropyl alcohol embedded protective caps on central lines reduces the rate of all positive blood cultures in ambulatory pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Hypothesis: Use of 70% isopropyl alcohol embedded protective caps on central lines will be associated with at least a 25% reduction in the positive blood culture rate at home for pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Specific Aim #3: Evaluate whether the use of 70% isopropyl alcohol embedded protective caps on central lines changes the distribution of bacteria isolated from blood cultures of pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Hypothesis: Use of 70% isopropyl alcohol embedded protective caps on central lines will reduce Gram-positive CLABSI, secondary blood steam infections, and single positive blood cultures at home for pediatric hematology/oncology patients.
The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of inhaled beclomethasone after a community-acquired respiratory viral infection in a lung transplant recipient decreases the risk of the subsequent development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether Valacyclovir treatment, administered during pregnancy after proven primary maternal Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, reduces fetal transmission rates and prevents fetal injury in cases of fetal infection.
Environmental cleanliness As antimicrobial resistance is a major and overall deteriorating public health problem international cooperation is necessary. Continued progress is needed to implement and improve programmes for the prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance and HAIs. Environmental cleanliness might be one of the most important initiatives to reduce HAIs. Hospital surfaces are heavily contaminated with bacteria with the highest numbers on surfaces closest to the patients. Bed rails, nurse call buttons, curtains, towel dispensers, door handles, sinks, floors, clinical information stations, medical devices, stethoscopes, staff toilets etc. Actually, general hospital wards and Intensive Care Units are loaded with an abundance of potential pathogens 8,9,10. Surviving days, weeks or even months in the environment 11. Colonizing patients with bacteria from the hospital environment and getting HAIs or even die. As most ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAPs) are the result of nosocomial microorganisms the environment plays an important role in the acquisition of pathogenic bacteria by contaminating health care workers hands and equipment 12,13. Furthermore, ICUs and wards struggle with colonized patients with ESBL-bacteria from sinks eventually leading to dead or outbreaks of group A streptococcus infections from contaminated curtains 14,15. As key healthcare-associated pathogens have the capacity to persist for weeks to months on hospital surfaces indirect transmission is a serious threat, especially as antimicrobial resistance increases. Hospitalization in a room in which the previous patient had been colonized or infected with nosocomial pathogens (e.g. MRSA, VRE, multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas or C. difficile) has been shown to be a risk factor for colonization of infection with the same pathogen for the next patient16. Furthermore, the most important risk factor for hand and glove contamination of healthcare workers with multidrug-resistant bacteria has been demonstrated to be positive environmental cultures 17. To decrease the frequency and level of contamination of environmental surfaces the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention recommends routine disinfection of medical equipment and environmental surfaces to prevent the spread of potential pathogens through the hospital ward or ICU 18. Improved room cleaning has shown to decrease the risk for MRSA, VRE and C. difficile acquisition. Unfortunately, environmental cleaning is frequently inadequate. Less than 50% of hospital room surfaces are adequately cleaned and disinfected even by environmental services personnel. Environmental services personnel have low wages, are under time pressure to clean rooms quickly with high turn-over rates of patients. Novel materials and cleaning technologies have been developed as ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) or hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV). However, both technologies are expensive and can just be used for terminal cleaning and not during routine daily care 16. Self-disinfecting surfaces may overcome these problems. Once applied antimicrobial surfaces will continuously reduce the bioburden of nosocomial pathogens preventing transmission and decrease HAIs. MVX One of these self-disinfecting products is MVX. MVX contains titanium dioxide which by the use of nanotechnology is now available for use in the health sector. Working as a photocatalyticum it generates, in the presence of light, hydroxy radicals and oxygen radicals for at least five years after coating hospital surfaces (durability test TUV Rheinland). Laboratory tests show that MVX is effective in killing bacteria, viruses and fungi (see attachment 1 for summary test results). The positive results reported on the effects of MVX from laboratory evaluations still have to be confirmed in the clinical setting. After getting the CE-marking Gelderse Vallei Hospital in Ede, the Netherlands, will be the first hospital in Europe to study the efficacy of MVX in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
The study will explore the ability of negative pressure wound therapy (Prevena dressing) to reduce post operative superficial surgical site infection rate in elective colorectal surgery. Half of the participants will receive Prevena dressing on closed incision immediately after the operation while other half will receive conventional surgical dressing.
The primary objectives of this study are to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of treatment with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) in participants with chronic genotype 1, 2, 4, 6 or indeterminate HCV infection who received placebo in the Gilead-sponsored study GS-US-342-1138.
Death in Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is usually due to cancer or chronic lung failure around 20 years of age. Despite low lymphocyte counts (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD19), IgA and IgG subclass deficiency opportunistic and acute severe respiratory infections are rare. The prevailing wisdom is that an immunoglobulin replacement therapy is not necessary in most of the patients. However no placebo controlled trials have been performed so far. The aim of this trial was to investigate the prevalence of mild and severe respiratory infections and / or chronic cough in classical A-T patients compared to healthy controls.