View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:This primary objectives of the study are to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of voxilaprevir (VOX) plus sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) fixed dose combination (FDC) ± ribavirin (RBV) in adults with chronic genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of omadacycline as compared to linezolid in the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.
Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are common in children under the age of 4 years, especially after the start of schooling. These conditions are facilitated by a still incomplete functional maturation of the immune system and the anatomical structure and function of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract still developing. The frequency and duration of these conditions involves a high discomfort and significant costs, in relation to medical appointments, taking medication, the need for hospitalization, days of absence from school and work days lost by parents. Functional foods derived from the fermentation of cow's milk with probiotic strains have been proposed for the prevention of infectious diseases in children. Several products have been investigated, with sometimes conflicting results. Diversity in experimental designs, populations evaluated, and bacterial strains used in the preparation of fermented products are probably responsible for these discrepancies. Recently we started a study approved by the Ethics Committee for Biomedical Activities "Carlo Romano" of the University of Naples "Federico II" (protocol number 210/12) to evaluate the effectiveness of foods fermented with Lactobacillus paracasei CBA-L74 in the prevention of common winter infections in school children aged between 12 and 48 months. Studies of pre-clinical phase showed anti-inflammatory activity of milk fermented with the strain Lactobacillus paracasei L74-CBA in terms of stimulation of the production of the cytokine IL-10 and decreased synthesis of IL-12, also in response to stimulation with Salmonella typhimurium. The data were obtained in in vitro studies on dendritic cells and ex vivo intestinal biopsies as well as in tests on healthy mice and on a mouse model of experimental colitis. A preliminary analysis of the data was found that subjects treated with fermented milk showed fewer infectious episodes, as well as a lower incidence of respiratory tract infections or gastrointestinal, with a statistically significant difference between the study groups. It was also observed a significant increase in the levels of α- and β- defensins, LL-37 and secretory IgA in the group of subjects treated with fermented milk compared to subjects treated with fermented rice or placebo. Therefore, we decided to extend the period of study of five additional months, in order to perform an evaluation of the effectiveness of fermented milk (which was more effective)vs placebo.
Reporting patterns and results of initial antibiotic treatment in patients with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI) and nosocomial pneumonia (NP) including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) - RECOMMEND Study
Background: - Ebola is a viral infection that can spread quickly and causes life-threatening disease. Right now there is an Ebola outbreak in many countries in West Africa. There are no approved treatments for Ebola. But possible treatments are being developed. Researchers need to study these treatments to see if they help people get better. Objective: - To identify possible Ebola treatments. Also, to learn if adding 1 or more experimental drugs to advanced Ebola care can reduce the risk of death. Eligibility: - People who have recently been diagnosed with Ebola, usually by a test called the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and have been hospitalized in an isolation unit for treatment. Design: - Participants will be randomly assigned to Group A or B. Both groups will get advanced level care. One group will also get an experimental drug. - Participants may have blood tests. They may have another PCR test. - Researchers will try to learn how the participant got Ebola. - Participants put in the experimental drug group may start taking medicine within 24 hours of enrollment. It may be given by mouth or intravenously. Additional doses may be needed. - Participants may have a series of timed blood tests over the first 24 to 48 hours after they take the medicine. - Blood will be drawn frequently. Other body fluids (urine, stool, vaginal fluid, etc.) may also be collected. - Participants will be followed for up to 60 days. They may be evaluated for any long-term effects of the experimental treatment(s). They may be asked to return for 1 or more outpatient visits. - For consenting participants, follow-up will be extended for up to one full year past Day 58 with contact/visits every 1-3 months to assess for a history of signs or symptoms potentially consistent with late onset of virologic relapse syndrome.
This study is aimed at assessing the safety of candidate Hepatitis C vaccines AdCh3NSmut/MVA-NSmut and HIV vaccines ChAdV63.HIVconsv/MVA.HIVconsv when administered separately or in combination to healthy volunteers. The study also aims to assess the cellular immune response generated by these vaccines when administered as mentioned above.
The primary objectives are to evaluate relationship between nasopharyngeal microbial colonization and the occurrence of AOM or pneumonia in infants.
The investigators will determine the efficacy of an innovative short regimen of methenamine hippurate on prevention of post-operative UTI in patients requiring short-term catheterization after pelvic reconstructive surgery through a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Primary outcome will be the rate of symptomatic UTI within 3 weeks of catheter removal. The investigators will study cost-effectiveness, antibiotic resistance profiles, and adverse drug effects. Findings may reduce antibiotic use and nosocomial UTIs.
Approximately, 3% of males and 8% of females will develop a urinary tract infection (UTI) during childhood, and most of these will be effectively treated by short-term antibiotic therapy. A subset of these children (20-48%), will develop recurrent UTI (RUTI), which may have long-term effects in the form of hypertension or renal damage. In an effort to prevent RUTIs physicians prescribe sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Septra) or nitrofurantoin as low dose antibiotic prophylaxis. However, recent evidence suggests that during prophylactic therapy the body is exposed to antibiotic levels capable of increasing antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence. This has been shown to be true in the uropathogens E. coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, yet it is not known if Enterococcus sp. demonstrate similar mechanisms. Additionally, antibiotics have been shown to disrupt the natural balance of the human microbiome, potentially leading to major long term problems. As a uropathogen, enterococci consistently rank in the top 3 causes of RUTI, especially in children under 3 years of age. Additionally, Enterococcus is notorious for developing antibiotic resistance and studies have shown that children with enterococcal UTIs exhibit a higher rate of recurrence than those with non-enterococcal UTIs. The investigators hypothesize the current practice of antibiotic prophylaxis in children with RUTI is detrimental and can change the bacterial and sensitivity profiles of these patients.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir with or without sofosbuvir (SOF) and ribavirin (RBV) in DAA treatment-experienced adults with Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C Virus infection. This study will contain 2 parts. Part 1: Approximately 20 participants and at least 10 of the 20 participants previously treated with the combination of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir, with or without RBV, and experienced treatment failure. Part 2: Approximately 10 participants and all participants previously treated with SOF/ledipasvir and experienced treatment failure.