View clinical trials related to Colorectal Cancer.
Filter by:Gut microbiota were assessed in 540 colonoscopy-screened adults by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of stool samples. Investigators compared gut microbiota diversity, overall composition, and normalized taxon abundance among these groups.
Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and accounts for more than 9% of all cancer outcomes. Global mortality from colorectal cancer is approximately half the incidence. An estimated 394,000 colorectal cancer deaths occur worldwide each year, making colorectal cancer the fourth most common cause of cancer death. Overall survival rates after surgical resection of hepatic colorectal metastases were 10-18% higher than in patients treated with systemic therapy. Hepatic metastases occur in 45% of patients with colorectal cancer. Surgery is the standard of care for resectable diseases, with overall survival rates of 5 years (OS) of 28% -58%. Unfortunately, only 10-20% of patients have a resectable disease at the time of diagnosis. The current approach to treating nonresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) promotes the use of combined cytotoxic therapy. First-line treatments include cytotoxic combinations. The role of radiotherapy in metastatic cancer is historically palliative, conventional radiotherapeutic techniques causing radiation-induced liver disease (RLID). With the advent of extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT), equivalent doses can be safely administered in 3 to 5 fractions, which can result in the removal of all affected tissues in the treated area while limiting the irradiation of the host organ and the healthy tissues surrounding the tumors. The efficacy and safety of SBRT for liver metastases has been confirmed by retrospective studies showing local control rates of about 80% or more. Retrospective studies indicate that approximately 20% of patients remain disease-free 2 to 4 years after SBRT. For patients treated with SBRT, some authors found that half of the patients had no metastatic progression or very little progression in numbers and metastasis sites. These results confirm the idea of an oligometastatic state in which aggressive local therapy could improve progression-free survival (PFS). We propose in this study to evaluate the impact of SBRT on progression-free survival in patients with mCRC with 1-3 oligometastases of the liver. Two arms will be compared: the standard arm treated with chemotherapy; to the experimental arm combining chemotherapy and SBRT. The chemotherapy will be left free at the choice of the investigator according to the recommendations of national treatments.
Natural killer cells (NK cells) are cytotoxic lymphocytes that play an important role in the innate immune system. In particular, it plays a very important defense function against host cells or cancer cells infected with a specific virus. Recent studies have shown that the activity of NK cells is decreased in patients with various carcinomas compared with normal controls, suggesting that the measurement of activity of NK cells in the blood may be helpful in the early diagnosis of cancer. In a recent study analyzing NK cell activity in 762 patients undergoing colonoscopy, NK cell activity showed performance in diagnosing advanced colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer with sensitivities 42.2% and 85.7%, and specificity 58.3% and 59.5%, respectively. This finding suggests that NK cell activity may be useful as a screening method for colorectal neoplasms. However, as a single test, this diagnostic power is relatively low. On the other hands, another blood-based colorectal cancer screening test that using 29 gene panels algorithm has recently been reported. According to this study, 29 gene panel algorithms (Colox®) showed performance in diagnosing advanced colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer with sensitivity of 55.4% and 79.5% and specificity of both 90.0%, respectively. for diagnosis of advanced adenoma and colorectal cancer, respectively. Although the Colox® test seems to be useful for the colorectal cancer screening using blood test, this diagnostic power is relatively low. In order to overcome low diagnostic performance of aforementioned tests (NK activity and Colox®) as a single use, combination of individual biomarkers can be a promising alternative. In this regards, the aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value for predicting advanced colorectal neoplasms by combining Colox® and NK cell activity indicators.
This is a Phase 1a/1b, open-label, multicenter, global, dose-escalation study designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, immune response, and pharmacokinetics of autogene cevumeran (RO7198457) as a single agent and in combination with atezolizumab (MPDL3280A, an engineered anti-programmed death-ligand 1 [anti-PD-L1] antibody).
The purpose of this research study is to look at the effects, good or bad, of TetMYB Vaccine in combination with BGB-A317 in patients with advanced or metastatic solid cancers (including colorectal or adenoid cystic cancer). The immune system is the body's defence against cancer, bacteria and viruses. TetMYB Vaccine is a vaccine that helps your immune system to recognise the cancer cells. BGB-A317 is an antibody (a type of protein made in the body in response to a foreign substance) that helps to stop or reverse the growth of tumour cells. Up to 32 participants may take part in this study, which is divided into 2 stages: dose escalation (different doses will be tested in small groups of patients) and dose expansion (one or more doses may be tested in a larger group of patients). Which stage you participate in will depend on which is open at the time. Your study doctor will discuss this with you. During dose escalation, study patients will receive increasing doses of the TetMYB Vaccine, starting at a low dose. During dose expansion, study patients will receive the dose determined as safe in dose escalation. The study design is as follows: In the dose finding stage, the first patient of each dose level will receive 6 consecutive weekly doses of intradermal TetMYB monotherapy for safety evaluation. If there are no reported DLTs, the next 2 patients of the same dose level will also receive 6 consecutive weekly intradermal doses of TetMYB, however with 3 weekly doses of BGB-A317 commencing with the fourth TetMYB dose. The dosage of TetMYB are as follows: - Dose level 1: 100 ug in 100 uL of sterile dH2O containing 5% DMSO - Dose level 2: 500 ug in 100 uL of sterile dH2O containing 5% DMSO - Dose level 3: 1000 ug in 100 uL of sterile dH2O containing 5% DMSO. In the dose expansion stage, the dosage will be the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) identified in the dose-finding stage and in combination with BGB-A317. TetMYB Vaccine is being developed and manufactured by the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre according to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and in accordance with guidelines provided by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA and Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) in Australia. TetMYB Vaccine is an experimental treatment and is currently not approved for use in any country. This means that it is not an approved treatment for cancer in Australia. This will be the first time that the TetMYB vaccine is given to humans. BGB-A317 is being developed by BeiGene, a biopharmaceutical company. BGB-A317 is an experimental treatment. This means that it is not an approved treatment for solid cancers in Australia.
The main clinical hypothesis is that compared to radio-chemotherapy for low and mid rectal tumors or surgery for high rectal tumors neoadjuvant chemotherapy reduces the rate of distant relapse without increasing the rate of local relapse. The aim of the present study is to compare long term and short term outcomes in rectal cancer patients undergoing standard treatment (radio-chemotherapy/surgery) or experimental neoadjuvant chemotherapy/surgery Furthermore, early surgical and medical complications, the functional outcome, toxicity and quality of life (QoL) may be improved if radiotherapy can be avoided. Exploratory analyses are planned in order to find potential predictive markers for selecting patients to either radio-chemotherapy/surgery or neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy/surgery.
This study compares the efficacy (adherence and stage) of four interventions to promote colorectal (CRC) and breast cancer (BC) screenings among women ages 50 to 75. They are: 1. usual care; 2. a TIWeb (tailored intervention Website) 3. a CSC (cancer screening call) and 4. TIWeb + a CSC. This study also compares the cost-effectiveness of the 4 interventions to promote CRC and BC screening among women ages 50 to 75.
This study evaluates the effectiveness of persuasive direct mail materials coupled with an incentive for increasing breast and colorectal cancer screening among people enrolled in Medicaid. Half of age- and gender-appropriate enrollees received this intervention; the other half received the same intervention 15 months later
Systemic inflammation caused by surgery may aggravate immunosuppression in immunocompromised cancer patients. The natural killer (NK) cell is a critical part of anti-tumor immunity. ketamine, a N-methyl-D-asparate receptor antangonist, has anti-inflammatory activity and opioid-sparing effect. This study investigate the effect of intraopertaive ketamine administration on immune function in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection.
This will be a pilot study involving 5 patients diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma and treated with pre-operative chemotherapy and external beam radiation therapy at the Jewish General Hospital, whom will very soon undergo surgery. Participants will be sensitized by the instillation of a 250 mL enema containing 1.6 mmol of HAL. The enema will be administered with a plastic tube with an inflatable blocking balloon to prevent leakage of the enema. Fluorescence sigmoidoscopy will be performed with white light then blue excitation light after retention of the enema for 60 minutes, followed by a rest time of up to 30 minutes before rectoscopy. Red fluorescence should be induced by illumination with blue light. Pictures with and without fluorescence will be taken. The patients will undergo a colectomy (partial or complete) within the next 2-3 days and the surgical specimens will be collected for further fluorescence microscopy studies and pathological correlation of fluoresce with malignant pathology/histology as the gold standard. The total concentration of porphyrins in the patients' urine and serum will be recorded before sensitization, immediately after sensitization (instillation of the enema), and approximately 24 hours after sensitization. The patients' pre-and-post operative liver function tests will be measured. Adverse events will be reported by direct questioning of all patients with regards to photosensitivity and gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting), and by measuring blood pressure and heart rate. Our objectives and endpoints are: 1) to determine if fluorescence with photodynamic diagnostics is selective for colorectal cancer, 2) to determine if photodynamic diagnostics has the potential to improve the detection of malignant cell after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation, and 3) to determine if photodynamic diagnostics can provide an accurate depiction of the extent of disease burden not visible with normal white light sigmoidoscopy to the naked human eye.