Cold Water Immersion and Atherosclerosis, Inflammation, Fat Accumulation and Lipid Profile Parameters

Cardiovascular Risk Factor Clinical Trial

Official title:

Effect of Repeatedly Applied Cold Water Immersion on Subclinical Atherosclerosis, Inflammation, Fat Accumulation and Lipid Profile Parameters of Volunteers

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Suspended

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04642066
• Other study ID #: LF UPJS
• Status: Suspended
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: October 25, 2018
• Est. completion date: June 30, 2026

Study information

• Verified date: November 2023
• Source: Pavol Jozef Safarik University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The impact of the environment on human health is considerable. An important factor is the effect of temperature on the human body, where either the effects of short-term exposure to extreme temperatures (cryotherapy, sauna, etc.) or the long-term environmental impact are monitored.

The study was focused on research of the long-term effect of repeated CWI on atherogenesis, lipid parameters and fat distribution.

Description:

This study was designed as a cohort observational studyfollowing the group of volunteers practicing CWI. Totally forty volunteers agreed to participate in the study by signing the informed consent, approved by the local ethics committee of UPJŠ Košice. Volunteers were examined in Cardiology and General Medicine outpatient clinics of Faculty of medicine, UPJŠ Košice (1st Department of Internal Medicine; outpatient clinics of Medicomp Košice Ltd.). They underwent the anamnesis and examination with a focus in the first step on matching the inclusion criteria: SCORE for the assessment of the cardiovascular risk as low (≤1%), patients without the suspected diagnosis of the familialhypercholesterolemia, respectively with TC level above 8 mmol/L, respectively TG concentrations above 2.3 mmol/L, male gender, age between 21 and 60, signed informed consent to participate in the study.

Patients with one or more exclusion criteria were not included: volunteers with lipid-lowering therapy or those that received hypolipidemics in the period shorter than 3 months before the study, values of blood lipids outside the inclusion criteria, glucose intolerance and DM,presence of advanced cardiovascular (plague or coronary artery disease, TIA, stroke, etc.) or chronic inflammatory diseases, infection or diseases possible affecting measured parameters and significant lifestyle changes in the last period of 6 months before the CWI.

After the initial examination, 35 volunteers fulfilled the criteria. Volunteers of the study underwent controlled, repeated CWI (5 months 15/11/18 - 15/03/19)based on a following pre-prepared protocol in the cooperation of our physicians and the sport club: Full body CWI in open standing, except the head (same location, timing), frequency three times a weekin the duration of 7-10 minutes. Swimming was permitted. Volunteers must not use neoprene aids (gloves, shoes), caps were allowed. Volunteers should be in the final phase submerged in water, above which there should only be the head and neck. The upper limbs were below the water surface. Non-neoprene footwear was permitted. Volunteers entered the water continuously without stopping. The time of stay in water was calculated from the first contact of the foot with water. On average, the whole body needed to be immersed in water within 30 seconds. The entire study was performed in the nearby lake, where all participants in the active arm were exposed to the same weather and water conditions, which were monitored. Volunteers who did not follow the protocol in more than 15% of the episodes, respectively, with weight, fat or muscle mass changes over 5%, with significant dietary changes were excluded from the study. Equivalent sham control group (N=30) was included fulfilling the inclusion criteria, without the CWI.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Suspended
• Enrollment: 60
• Est. completion date: June 30, 2026
• Est. primary completion date: December 30, 2025
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 65 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

without cardiovascular and metabolic disease cold water immersion

Exclusion Criteria:

cancer inflammatory diseases cardovascular diseases tuberculosis renal and hepatic insufficiency pregnancy cardiovascular diseases obesity metabolic syndrome lymphoproliferative disorders liver transplantation in the past suspected. chronic infection in risk locations

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Atherosclerosis
• Cardiovascular Risk Factor
• Endocrine; Complications
• Immune System Diseases
• Inflammation
• Metabolic Complication

Intervention

Other:
• Cold water immersion
Full body CWI in open standing, except the head (same location, timing), frequency three times a week in the duration of 7-10 minutes. Swimming was permitted. Volunteers must not use neoprene aids (gloves, shoes), caps were allowed. Volunteers should be in the final phase submerged in water, above which there should only be the head and neck. The upper limbs were below the water surface. Non-neoprene footwear was permitted. Volunteers entered the water continuously without stopping. The time of stay in water was calculated from the first contact of the foot with water. On average, the whole body needed to be immersed in water within 30 seconds.
• No cold water immersion
People without cold water immersion

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Slovakia	1st Department of Internal medicine, L. Pasteur University Hospital in Košice	Košice

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Pavol Jozef Safarik University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Slovakia, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Body mass index	BMI kg/m2	6 months
Primary	Change in total cholesterol from baseline	percentual change in total cholesterol (mmoL/L)	6 months
Primary	Concentrations of PCSK9, hsCRP and other inflammation markers	mmol/l	6 months
Primary	cIMT	mm	6 months
Primary	PWV	m/s	6 months
Primary	Beta		6 months
Primary	AU		6 months
Primary	SF	mm	6 months
Primary	VF	mm	6 months
Primary	Fatty acid profile	mol/l	6 months