View clinical trials related to Cardiovascular Diseases.
Filter by:The goal of this study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of the AXERA Access System in subjects undergoing Common Femoral Artery (CFA) access for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and/or Peripheral Vascular Intervention (PVI) through a 5 French (F) or 6F introducer sheath.
Adult survivors of childhood cancer are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Therapies used to treat many cancers, such as chemotherapy and radiation, likely cause damage to the surface of the artery wall called the endothelial layer, leading to the induction of atherosclerosis and eventual cardiovascular disease. HMG coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, or statins, improve endothelial function independent of cholesterol-lowering. In addition, statins have been shown to reduce arterial stiffness and slow arterial thickening. Despite strong evidence supporting the vascular benefits of statins in many different patient populations, these medications have never been studied in cancer survivors. Therefore, the overall objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of statin therapy on vascular health in young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Twenty-four young adult (age 18-39 years old) survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) will be enrolled in a six-month randomized, double-blind (participants and investigators), placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial comparing the effects of atorvastatin versus placebo on endothelial function and other measures of vascular health. Our primary objective is to evaluate the effects of 6-months of statin therapy on conduit artery endothelial function in young adult survivors of childhood cancer. The investigators hypothesize that, compared to placebo, atorvastatin will significantly increase brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
The role of lipids as risk factors for cardiovascular events is well-documented, although events studied have largely been broad classes without specific detail. This study will examine a more refined set of endpoints.
The main hypothesis being tested is that magnetic resonance imaging and serologic biomarkers of apoptosis and extracellular matrix remodeling will precede echocardiographic indices of systolic and diastolic function among childhood cancer survivors treated with anthracyclines thus allowing evaluation of new therapies to prevent and manage heart failure in these patients.
Genetic factors contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as blood lipids, blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and may also influence dietary choices, physical activity, and responses to stress. The most robust genetic variant associated with myocardial infarction (MI) is the 9p21 variant, which may raise the risk of MI by up to 40% in those who carry 2 copies of the gene. The investigators recently found that among those who carry the 9p21 variant, the risk of MI may be "turned off" if individuals eat a diet high in fruits and vegetables. The investigators seek to determine how a "prudent" or "anti-inflammatory" diet interacts with the 9p21 risk allele to alter the risk of MI.
Since uncontrolled observational studies first linked fructose to the epidemic of obesity almost a decade ago, it has become a focus of intense concern regarding its role in the obesity epidemic and increasing burden of cardiometabolic disease. Despite the uncertainties in the evidence, international health organizations have cautioned against moderate to high intakes fructose-containing sugars, especially those from sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs). To improve the evidence on which nutrition recommendations are based, the investigators propose to study of the role of fructose-containing sugars in the development of overweight/obesity, diabetes, hypertension, gout, and cardiovascular disease, by undertaking a series of systematic syntheses of the available prospective cohort studies. Prospective cohort studies have the advantage of relating "real world" intakes of sugars to clinically meaningful disease endpoints over long durations of follow-up. The findings generated by this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of consumers through informing recommendations for the general public, as well as those at risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Dietary pulses (beans, peas, chickpeas, and lentils), more commonly known as "legumes", are generally recognized as healthy components of the diet. Canada's Food Guide encourages consumptions of meat alternatives, such as beans "more often"; and the dietary guidelines for Americans both recommend consumption of 3 cups of legumes per week. However, there remains insufficient information on the usefulness of these foods in protecting heart health. To improve evidence-based guidance for dietary pulse recommendations, the investigators propose to conduct a systematic review of the effect of dietary pulse consumption on after-meal blood sugar levels, appetite, and food intake regulation to help explain their mechanism for improving longterm blood sugar and body weight control. The systematic review process allows the combining of the results from many small studies in order to arrive at a pooled estimate, similar to a weighted average, of the true effect. The investigators will be able to explore whether eating pulses has different effects between men and women, in different age groups and background disease states, and whether or not the effect of pulses depends on the dose and background diet. The findings of this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of Canadians through informing recommendations for the general public, as well as those at risk of heart disease and diabetes.
NOR-SYS is a clinical research program about young ischemic stroke patients from 15 to 60 years. Patients, partners and the couple´s adult children who are at least 18 years old, are all invited to ultrasound examinations due to a standardized protocol. Parents of patients and partners are invited to return their answers of standardized questionnaires about clinical ischemic events such as stroke, angina or myocardial infarction or peripheral artery disease. Study inclusion time of patients and their families is 5 years. A biobank is build from samples from patients, partners and adult children. Clinical follow-ups for patients and partners are planned after 5, 10 and 15 years. Clinical follow-ups for adult children are planned after 10 and 20 years. Hypotheses: What do patients know about their parents clinical ischemic events? How much established pathology in arteries do we find by a standardized ultrasound protocol at the time of ischemic stroke at a young age? Differences concerning risk factors and ultrasound findings between patients and partners? Differences between children from families with several ischemic events among parents and grandparents vs. children from families without ischemic events? Biochemical markers related to ultrasound findings and artery disease.
Dietary pulses, more commonly known as "legumes", are generally recognized as healthy components of the diet. Canada's Food Guide encourages consumptions of meat alternatives, such as beans "more often"; and the dietary guidelines for Americans both recommend consumption of 3 cups of legumes per week. However, there still remain insufficient information on the usefulness of these foods in protecting heart health. To improve evidence-based guidance for non-oil-seed pulse recommendations, the investigators propose to conduct a systematic review of clinical studies to assess the effect of eating pulses in exchange for other foods on measures of heart disease risk and blood sugar control in humans. The systematic review process allows the combining of the results from many small studies in order to arrive at a pooled estimate, similar to a weighted average, of the true effect. The investigators will be able to explore whether eating pulses has different effects between men and women, in different age groups, in people with high or normal sugar or blood fat levels, and whether or not the effect of pulses depends on how much/often they are eaten. The findings of this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of Canadians through informing recommendations for the general public, as well as those at risk of heart disease and diabetes.
Cardiac exercise rehabilitation consists of walking and bicycling activities. As the population requiring rehabilitation is aging, other forms of exercise may be useful and better tolerated. Tai Chi has been used for centuries, is easy to perform even by more debilitated individuals, and promotes improvement in blood pressure, fitness, and relaxation. Tai Chi may be more beneficial for frail cardiac patients because it is especially suited for the unfit and elderly, and can be practiced anywhere. Further studies are required to assess this form of exercise in cardiac patients. The objective of this randomized controlled study is to compare the effects of Tai Chi to "sham exercise" training in 200 frail cardiac patients who have completed six months of cardiac rehabilitation and are 60 years of age or older. Participants will be randomized to Tai Chi or "sham exercise" training and have their gait speed, blood pressure, heart rate, exercise capacity, balance, quality of life and cognitive function assessed before and after 24 week of training.