View clinical trials related to Cardiovascular Disease.
Filter by:The purpose of this study is to test the effects of natural vs. man-made trans fatty acids (trans fats) on blood cholesterol.
Dietary fructose potently exacerbates the dyslipidemia associated with obesity, insulin resistance and accelerated atherosclerosis. In a randomized crossover outpatient study of 15 overweight adults, we will measure the increase over 4 hours in serum VLDL triglyceride palmitate made by the liver from each single oral dose of fructose (0.5 g/kg), fructose:glucose 1:1 (1 g/kg) or fructose:glucose 1:1 (2 g/kg). Our hypotheses are that the synthesis of palmitate from dietary fructose will be 1) greater when consumed with glucose and 2) show a dose-response. The lipogenic responses will be compared and correlated with markers of carbohydrate and lipid flux measured after fasting and post-fructose. The results will serve as a guide to the development of a new outpatient probe of the de novo lipogenic pathway in subjects who vary in their lipogenic response to oral fructose. These studies should ultimately yield valuable new information about the mechanisms linking dietary carbohydrate to elevated triglycerides, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Aspirin is an essential drug for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The standard dose is 75mg per day (much lower than that for inflammation or fever). One of the side-effects of aspirin is a gastric ulcer which can be fatal. To prevent this it is common to use enteric-coated aspirin. This passes through the stomach intact and dissolves in the intestines. This prevents high levels of drug forming in the stomach reducing ulcer formation. Recently there is evidence of high levels of aspirin resistance, ie, patients who appear not to achieve the maximum benefit from aspirin. Clinical studies have shown a significant increase in mortality among these patients. A recent study that we performed showed that enteric-coated aspirin is not as effective as plain aspirin. This was especially noticeable in heavier volunteers. In fact it appeared that enteric-coated aspirin only delivers 50mg aspirin instead of the full 75 mg. For volunteers resistant to enteric-coated aspirin simply switching them to plain aspirin solved the problem. We propose to recruit patients on 75 mg enteric aspirin and test them for evidence of poor response to aspirin. Poor responders will then be given 75mg plain aspirin and tested for their response. Those that fail to respond will then receive 150 mg aspirin. If the results of the healthy volunteer study are replicated this would provide a very cheap and effective solution to a serious problem.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in patients on hemodialysis therapy (HD), accounting for 30 to 50% of all death. Although angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are effective for patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease in reducing or preventing cardiovascular diseases, there has been no decisive study that demonstrated treatment with ARBs is effective in patients on HD.
Walnuts include many potentially beneficial micronutrients and phytochemicals, in this study we propose to examine the effects of walnuts independent of macronutrient content. The purpose of this proposal is to study in depth the short-term effects of walnut consumption in men and women with the metabolic syndrome. Study Aim 1: To investigate the effects of walnuts (48gms per day over 3 days) on insulin resistance in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Study Aim 2: To investigate the effects of 48gms per day of walnuts over 3 days on lipids and inflammatory markers. Study Aim 3: To assess the possible mechanisms of the biological effects of short-term walnut consumption through assessment of adipokines, resting metabolic rate, gene expression in white blood cells and the effect of walnuts when consumed as part of a mixed meal, on glucose excursions, insulin secretion and the excretion of gut peptides and free fatty acids.
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common sex-chromosome disorder with a prevalence of one in 660 men and is a frequent cause of hypogonadism and infertility. It is caused by the presence of extra X-chromosomes, the most common karyotype being 47,XXY. The phenotype is variable, but the most constant finding is small hyalinized testes, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, infertility, eunuchoid body proportion, increased height and learning disabilities. Klinefelter syndrome has been associated with increased prevalence of diabetes, osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases but the pathogenesis is unknown. Accordingly the aim of the study was to investigate measures of body composition, insulin sensitivity, bone mineral density, echocardiography, as well as biochemical markers of endocrine, metabolic and bone function in KS and an age-matched control group.
We aimed to compare the effect of achieving an LDL-cholesterol <70 vs an LDL-cholesterol <100 mg/dL with simvastatin or atorvastatin on adrenal and testicular steroidogenesis, and cognition in diabetic patients.
We will study the effect of supplementation of 1 L blueberry juice to participants with at least one elevated cardiovasculat risk factor.
The primary objective of this study is to test whether increasing the total intake of antioxidants to middle-aged smoking men increases the antioxidant defence, reduces oxidative damage, and improves biomarkers for oxidative stress. The secondary objectives is to test whether this strategy improves other cardiovascular risk markers including platelet function, lipid levels, inflammation, and markers of endothelial damage.
The primary research question of this study is to determine whether measuring, reporting and feeding back information to primary care teams on the need for treatment intensification in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) can improve rates of treatment intensification and reduce levels of poorly controlled systolic blood pressure, LDL-c, and A1c.