Toxicity and Outcome of Whole Breast Hypofractionated Radiotherapy: a Single Institution Experience

Breast Cancer Clinical Trial

— Ipomammella  

Official title:

Toxicity and Outcome of Whole Breast Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Without Boost: Results of a Homogeneous Single Institution Experience

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Active, not recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03077191
• Other study ID #: Ipomammella
• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Start date: November 1, 2016
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2026

Study information

• Verified date: June 2023
• Source: IRCCS San Raffaele
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

This is a homogeneous, single institution, observational, non-interventional, prospective study of 500 patients who will be treated according to the standard protocol of adjuvant hypofractionated radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery, at a total dose of 40 Gy/ 15 fr (5 fr/ week, 3 consecutive weeks). In addition to the regular follow up, the patients will respond to the quality-of-life questionnaires (QLQ) of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), general, QLQ- C30, and specific for breast (BR), QLQ- BR23, at the first visit, at the end of radiotherapy and at the subsequent follow-up visits from 6 months up to 5 and a half years, to evaluate the quality of life during and after the treatment. The study also has a retrospective arm of approximately 1300 patients, treated from January 2009, for whom disease control and toxicity will be evaluated.

Description:

The study is observational, homogeneous (performed in a single institution), non-interventional, and composed of two parts: one retrospective and one prospective (for which we request the registration in the register of clinical trials).

The patients with breast cancer treated with adjuvant hypofractionated radiotherapy at the Department of Radiotherapy of "San Raffaele Scientific Institute" (IRCCSSRaffaele) from January 2009 will be identified and their clinical and dosimetric data retrieved and analyzed.

The objectives of the retrospective arm of the study are the analysis, with a follow up of 5 years, of acute and late toxicity, and clinical outcomes, such as local and regional control, overall survival, disease free survival and cancer-specific survival. A secondary objective is the identification of prognostic factors for toxicity and disease progression.

The objective of the prospective arm of the study, for a cohort of 500 consecutive patients who agree to participate in the study, is to assess the quality of life of the patients treated with hypofractionated short course (3 weeks) radiotherapy. The quality-of-life questionnaires (QLQ) of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer (EORTC): QLQ-C30 (general) and QLQ-BR23 (specific for the breast), will be distributed before radiation treatment, at the time of patient enrollment, at the end of therapy and during the follow up visits, for a duration of 5 years after the first follow up, scheduled first at 6 months and then annually.

Given the non-interventional, observational nature of the study, the follow up program of the patients with breast cancer, treated according to the standard departmental protocol, will not be modified. The patients will be identified from the patient data base from medical records retrieved from the radiotherapy archive, and the images monitoring local evolution from the photo archive. The data will be extracted from medical records. In addition, the dosimetric data of the treatments will be recovered from the physical dosimetric archives and the extrapolated data will be correlated with clinical and toxicity outcomes.

For the patients of the prospective observational arm, the dosimetric data and quality of life questionnaires, as well as the follow up visit results, will be prospectively collected, registered in a data base, and subsequently analyzed.

The toxicity registered during the visits carried out during the treatment will be determined using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scale; the Scoring system of late effects of radiation on normal tissues (SOMA-LENT scale) will be used for toxicity registered during the follow up visits. The clinical points analyzed will include: quality of life, overall survival, disease free- and cancer specific-survival, local and regional control, distant metastasis free survival, acute and late toxicity, physical dosimetry and aesthetic results. The correlation between detected parameters will be evaluated for the identification of prognostic factors. Statistical analyses will be performed with SPSS software version 17.0 (SPSS Inc. Released 2008; SPSS Statistic for Windows, Version 17.0. Chicago, USA: SPSS Inc.) and MedCalc v.12.1.4.0 (MedCalc Software, Ostend, Belgium) and any updated version. Statistical tests to be used will include: uni- and multi-variate logistic regression to define predictors of incidence and prevalence of toxicity and local/ distant relapses; Cox model ( proportionally-hazard regression) uni- and multi-variate for actuarial analysis of predictors of toxicity and local/ distant relapses; Wilcoxon matched -pair test for the quality of life index variations; Spearman test for the correlation between continuous variables, ANOVA test for the effect of treatment variables on changes in QoL scores over time.

*Enrollment in the quality-of-life study was suspended in November 2021 due to patients' refusal to participate during the Sars-Cov2 pandemic, the adoption of shorter schedule protocols to minimize patient hospital visits, the adoption of a simultaneous integrated boost for patients with high risk of local relapse(TNBC, HER2+) requiring a change in the technique utilized.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Enrollment: 410
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2026
• Est. primary completion date: November 30, 2026
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 18 Years to 85 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Breast cancer patients with TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours pathological stage T1-T2, N0-N1a (pathologically node negative - up to three positive lymph-nodes), treated with conservative surgery and whole breast hypofractionated radiotherapy without boost

Exclusion Criteria:

• male breast cancer patients

• breast cancer patients treated with conservative surgery and partial breast irradiation, relapsed, and treated with adjuvant whole breast radiotherapy after salvage conservative surgery

• breast cancer patients treated with mastectomy

• patients with TNM pathologic stage N1a treated with whole breast radiotherapy and supraclavicular fossa +/- axillary radiotherapy

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Breast Cancer
• Dermatitis
• Quality of Life
• Radiotherapy; Adverse Effect, Dermatitis or Eczema

Intervention

Other:
• Quality of life measurement
The quality of life of breast cancer patients treated with conservative surgery and adjuvant whole breast hypofractionated radiotherapy, without boost, will be evaluated.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Italy	San Raffaele Scientific Institute	Milan	MI

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
IRCCS San Raffaele

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Italy, 

References & Publications (27)

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Bartelink H, Horiot JC, Poortmans PM, Struikmans H, Van den Bogaert W, Fourquet A, Jager JJ, Hoogenraad WJ, Oei SB, Warlam-Rodenhuis CC, Pierart M, Collette L. Impact of a higher radiation dose on local control and survival in breast-conserving therapy of early breast cancer: 10-year results of the randomized boost versus no boost EORTC 22881-10882 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Aug 1;25(22):3259-65. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.11.4991. Epub 2007 Jun 18. — View Citation

Bartelink H, Maingon P, Poortmans P, Weltens C, Fourquet A, Jager J, Schinagl D, Oei B, Rodenhuis C, Horiot JC, Struikmans H, Van Limbergen E, Kirova Y, Elkhuizen P, Bongartz R, Miralbell R, Morgan D, Dubois JB, Remouchamps V, Mirimanoff RO, Collette S, Collette L; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Radiation Oncology and Breast Cancer Groups. Whole-breast irradiation with or without a boost for patients treated with breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer: 20-year follow-up of a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Jan;16(1):47-56. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71156-8. Epub 2014 Dec 9. Erratum In: Lancet Oncol. 2015 Jan;16(1):e6. — View Citation

Clarke M, Collins R, Darby S, Davies C, Elphinstone P, Evans V, Godwin J, Gray R, Hicks C, James S, MacKinnon E, McGale P, McHugh T, Peto R, Taylor C, Wang Y; Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet. 2005 Dec 17;366(9503):2087-106. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67887-7. — View Citation

Crocetti E; Airtum Working Group. [Numbers. Cancer survival in Italy is within the European average]. Epidemiol Prev. 2008 Jul-Oct;32(4-5):265. No abstract available. Italian. — View Citation

Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG); Darby S, McGale P, Correa C, Taylor C, Arriagada R, Clarke M, Cutter D, Davies C, Ewertz M, Godwin J, Gray R, Pierce L, Whelan T, Wang Y, Peto R. Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery on 10-year recurrence and 15-year breast cancer death: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10,801 women in 17 randomised trials. Lancet. 2011 Nov 12;378(9804):1707-16. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61629-2. Epub 2011 Oct 19. — View Citation

Ferlay J, Parkin DM, Steliarova-Foucher E. Estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 2008. Eur J Cancer. 2010 Mar;46(4):765-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.12.014. Epub 2010 Jan 29. — View Citation

Fisher B, Anderson S, Bryant J, Margolese RG, Deutsch M, Fisher ER, Jeong JH, Wolmark N. Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2002 Oct 17;347(16):1233-41. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa022152. — View Citation

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Haviland JS, Owen JR, Dewar JA, Agrawal RK, Barrett J, Barrett-Lee PJ, Dobbs HJ, Hopwood P, Lawton PA, Magee BJ, Mills J, Simmons S, Sydenham MA, Venables K, Bliss JM, Yarnold JR; START Trialists' Group. The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) trials of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: 10-year follow-up results of two randomised controlled trials. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Oct;14(11):1086-1094. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70386-3. Epub 2013 Sep 19. — View Citation

http://www.istat.it/dati/dataset/20100129_00/

https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines

Janssen S, Glanzmann C, Lang S, Verlaan S, Streller T, Wisler D, Linsenmeier C, Studer G. Hypofractionated radiotherapy for breast cancer acceleration of the START A treatment regime: intermediate tolerance and efficacy. Radiat Oncol. 2014 Jul 24;9:165. doi: 10.1186/1748-717X-9-165. — View Citation

Morgan DA, Robertson JF. Boost or not. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Feb 20;26(6):1013-4; author reply 1014. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.2017. No abstract available. — View Citation

Poortmans PM, Collette L, Horiot JC, Van den Bogaert WF, Fourquet A, Kuten A, Noordijk EM, Hoogenraad W, Mirimanoff RO, Pierart M, Van Limbergen E, Bartelink H; EORTC Radiation Oncology and Breast Cancer Groups. Impact of the boost dose of 10 Gy versus 26 Gy in patients with early stage breast cancer after a microscopically incomplete lumpectomy: 10-year results of the randomised EORTC boost trial. Radiother Oncol. 2009 Jan;90(1):80-5. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2008.07.011. Epub 2008 Aug 15. — View Citation

Romestaing P, Lehingue Y, Carrie C, Coquard R, Montbarbon X, Ardiet JM, Mamelle N, Gerard JP. Role of a 10-Gy boost in the conservative treatment of early breast cancer: results of a randomized clinical trial in Lyon, France. J Clin Oncol. 1997 Mar;15(3):963-8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.3.963. — View Citation

START Trialists' Group; Bentzen SM, Agrawal RK, Aird EG, Barrett JM, Barrett-Lee PJ, Bentzen SM, Bliss JM, Brown J, Dewar JA, Dobbs HJ, Haviland JS, Hoskin PJ, Hopwood P, Lawton PA, Magee BJ, Mills J, Morgan DA, Owen JR, Simmons S, Sumo G, Sydenham MA, Venables K, Yarnold JR. The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) Trial B of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2008 Mar 29;371(9618):1098-107. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60348-7. Epub 2008 Mar 19. — View Citation

START Trialists' Group; Bentzen SM, Agrawal RK, Aird EG, Barrett JM, Barrett-Lee PJ, Bliss JM, Brown J, Dewar JA, Dobbs HJ, Haviland JS, Hoskin PJ, Hopwood P, Lawton PA, Magee BJ, Mills J, Morgan DA, Owen JR, Simmons S, Sumo G, Sydenham MA, Venables K, Yarnold JR. The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) Trial A of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2008 Apr;9(4):331-41. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70077-9. Epub 2008 Mar 19. — View Citation

Vaidya JS, Wenz F, Bulsara M, Tobias JS, Joseph DJ, Keshtgar M, Flyger HL, Massarut S, Alvarado M, Saunders C, Eiermann W, Metaxas M, Sperk E, Sutterlin M, Brown D, Esserman L, Roncadin M, Thompson A, Dewar JA, Holtveg HM, Pigorsch S, Falzon M, Harris E, Matthews A, Brew-Graves C, Potyka I, Corica T, Williams NR, Baum M; TARGIT trialists' group. Risk-adapted targeted intraoperative radiotherapy versus whole-breast radiotherapy for breast cancer: 5-year results for local control and overall survival from the TARGIT-A randomised trial. Lancet. 2014 Feb 15;383(9917):603-13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61950-9. Epub 2013 Nov 11. Erratum In: Lancet. 2014 Feb 15;383(9917):602. — View Citation

Van de Steene J, Soete G, Storme G. Adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer significantly improves overall survival: the missing link. Radiother Oncol. 2000 Jun;55(3):263-72. doi: 10.1016/s0167-8140(00)00204-8. — View Citation

Veronesi U, Cascinelli N, Mariani L, Greco M, Saccozzi R, Luini A, Aguilar M, Marubini E. Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2002 Oct 17;347(16):1227-32. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa020989. — View Citation

Veronesi U, Luini A, Del Vecchio M, Greco M, Galimberti V, Merson M, Rilke F, Sacchini V, Saccozzi R, Savio T, et al. Radiotherapy after breast-preserving surgery in women with localized cancer of the breast. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jun 3;328(22):1587-91. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199306033282202. — View Citation

Veronesi U, Orecchia R, Maisonneuve P, Viale G, Rotmensz N, Sangalli C, Luini A, Veronesi P, Galimberti V, Zurrida S, Leonardi MC, Lazzari R, Cattani F, Gentilini O, Intra M, Caldarella P, Ballardini B. Intraoperative radiotherapy versus external radiotherapy for early breast cancer (ELIOT): a randomised controlled equivalence trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Dec;14(13):1269-77. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70497-2. Epub 2013 Nov 11. — View Citation

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Whelan T, MacKenzie R, Julian J, Levine M, Shelley W, Grimard L, Lada B, Lukka H, Perera F, Fyles A, Laukkanen E, Gulavita S, Benk V, Szechtman B. Randomized trial of breast irradiation schedules after lumpectomy for women with lymph node-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002 Aug 7;94(15):1143-50. doi: 10.1093/jnci/94.15.1143. — View Citation

* Note: There are 27 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	aesthetic result	assessment of the effect of radiation therapy with photographs taken the day of treatment planning verification (before the first radiotherapy fraction), after 15 fractions of radiotherapy (at the end of radiation therapy), and during follow-up visits (the first 6 months after the end of radiotherapy and than at 18 months, 30 months, 42 months, 54 months and 66 months after the end of radiotherapy).	up to 66 months
Primary	quality of life after hypofractionated adjuvant radiotherapy	degree of general quality of life worsening of patients treated with hypofractionated adjuvant radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery assessed with EORTC quality of life questionnaires QLQ C30	up to 66 months
Primary	breast specific quality of life after hypofractionated adjuvant radiotherapy	degree of specific quality of life worsening of patients treated with hypofractionated adjuvant radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery assessed with EORTC quality of life questionnaire QLQ BR23	up to 66 months
Secondary	local control	percentage of patients without local relapse at five years	up to 66 months
Secondary	regional control	percentage of patients without regional (axillary, supraclavicular) relapse at five years	up to 66 months
Secondary	distant metastases free survival	percentage of patients without distant metastases at five years	up to 66 months
Secondary	disease free survival	percentage of patients without local and/or distant progression at five years	up to 66 months
Secondary	cancer specific survival	percentage of patients who have not died from breast cancer at five years	up to 66 months
Secondary	overall survival	percentage of patients alive at five years	up to 66 months
Secondary	acute toxicity	acute toxicity after hypofractionated whole breast adjuvant radiotherapy evaluated with Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scale at 5 years	up to 66 months
Secondary	late toxicity	late toxicity after hypofractionated whole breast adjuvant radiotherapy evaluated with Scoring systems of late effects of radiations on normal tissues SOMA-LENT scale at 5 years	up to 66 months