View clinical trials related to Brain Diseases.
Filter by:The purpose of this research study is to better understand how blood flow and metabolism change can influence brain development in the early decades of life. SCA participants and healthy controls are age and sex-matched for comparison. Within the SCA cohort, children with infarcts may have thinner cortices than those without, reflecting a greater loss. The investigators will examine brain blood flow and metabolism using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The brain's blood vessels expand and constrict to regulate blood flow based on the brain's needs. The amount of expanding and contracting the blood vessels may vary by age. The brain's blood flow changes in small ways during everyday activities, such exercise, deep concentration, or normal brain growth. Significant illness or psychological stress may increase the brain's metabolic demand or cause other bigger changes in blood flow. If blood vessels are not able to expand to give more blood flow when metabolic demand is high, the brain may not get all of the oxygen it needs. In extreme circumstances, if the brain is unable to get enough oxygen for a long time, a stroke may occur. Sometimes small strokes occur without other noticeable changes and are only detectable on an MRI. These are sometimes called "silent strokes." In less extreme circumstances, not having a full oxygen supply may cause the brain to grow and develop more slowly than when it has a full supply. One way to test the ability of blood vessels to expand is by measuring blood flow while breathing in carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide causes blood vessels in the brain to dilate without increasing brain metabolism. During this study participants may be asked to undergo a blood draw, MRI, cognitive assessments, and brief questionnaires. The study team will use a special mask to control the amount of carbon dioxide the participants breathe in.
Background: About 5 million adults in the U.S. have Alzheimer s disease or another adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder. Many studies have found that inflammation in the brain contributes to these diseases. Researchers want to find a better way to measure this inflammation. Objective: To learn whether COX-1 and/or COX-2 is elevated in the brains of individuals with neurodegenerative brain disease compared to healthy volunteers. Eligibility: Adults age 18 years and older in good general health who have an adult-onset neurodegenerative dementia, such as AD, FTD, corticobasal syndrome, or Huntington s disease and healthy adult volunteers enrolled in protocols 01-M-0254 or 17-M-0181. Design: Participants will be screened with medical history, physical exam with vital signs, and lab tests. They will have a neuropsychological testing. Their heart function will be measured. Participants will have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The MRI scanner is a metal tube surrounded by a strong magnetic field. Participants will lie on a table that slides in and out of the tube. The machine makes noise. Participants will get earplugs. Participants will have 2 PET scans. They will be injected with the study drugs through an intravenous catheter placed in an arm vein. The PET scanner is shaped like a doughnut. Participants will lie on a bed that slides in and out of the scanner. A plastic mask will be molded to their head to keep them from moving. A thin plastic tube will be put into an artery at the wrist or elbow crease area. This will be used to draw blood during the scan. Participants will have 2-3 study visits. Participation lasts 1 week to 4 months, depending on scheduling.
The HIV/HEART Aging study (HIVH) is an ongoing, prospective, multicentre trial that was conducted to assess the incidence, the prevalence and the clinical course of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in HIV-infected patients. The study population includes outpatients from specialized HIV-care units of the German Ruhr region, who were at least 18 years of age, were known to have a HIV-infection and exhibited a stable disease status within 4 weeks before inclusion into the trial. From March 2004 (Pilot phase) to October 2022 (15 year Follow-up) 1858 HIV+ patients were recruited in a consecutive manner. The standardised examinations included a targeted assessment of medical history and physical examination. Blood was drawn for comprehensive laboratory tests including HIV specific parameters (CD4 cell count, HIV-1 RNA levels) and cardiovascular items (lipid concentrations, BNP values and renal parameters). Furthermore, non-invasive tests were performed during the initial visit, including additional heart rate and blood pressure measurements, electrocardiogram (ECGs) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Examinations were completed in accordance with previously defined standard operating procedures. CVD were defined as coronary, cerebrovascular, peripheral arterial disease, heart failure or cardiac vitium.
The purpose of this study is to use Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) while subjects are making reaching movements in a robotic arm device in order to discover how different brain areas control movement before and after stroke and when these brain areas are most sensitive to TMS.
In this study, the researcher involved the sepsis patients(defined by sepsis 3.0) in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The SAE was defined as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of less than 15 and the Non-SAE group GCS = 15. The control group was the non-infectious patients with acute disease strikes and the healthy control. After the sample collection, the RNA-sequence, metabolites and cytokines were under detection.
Neonatal anoxia-ischemia causes significant neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study the investigators want to better understand the interactions between the nervous and the hemodynamic cerebral systems during the adaptation of the neonate to ectopic life just after birth. Birth is an at risk situation of neonatal anoxic ischemia and the lack of objective criteria for cerebral tissue oxygenation has consequences on neuronal activity. Ph cord analysis is inadequate and only indirectly reflects the state of cerebral oxygenation. Both neuronal and vascular systems are part of the same functional entity and the analysis of their interactions is likely to reveal some early malfunctions of these networks. In this study, the investigators want to develop a multi-scale, multimodal approach that allows simultaneous interrogation of both neuronal and vascular compartments during the 15 minutes after delivery. The investigators will record, with the aid of a single sensor placed on the scalp of the child, the electroencephalogram and the cerebral tissue oxygenation. The investigators will measure interactions by means of correlation analysis between both signals.
This study is being done to see if adding GLIADEL to the site where the tumor was removed works as well as just having the tumor removed with radiation treatment done within six weeks after the surgery to keep the cancer from coming back.
This phase II trial studies how well anakinra works in preventing severe chimeric antigen receptor T-cell-related encephalopathy syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with large B-cell lymphoma that has come back or has not responded to treatment. Immunosuppressive therapy, such as anakinra, is used to decrease the body?s immune response, which may prevent severe chimeric antigen receptor T-cell-related encephalopathy syndrome.
Efficacy and Safety of Nitazoxanide in preventing recurrence of Hepatic Encephalopathy.
Introduction Liver cirrhosis (LC) is irreversible fibrosis of the liver (1) and it remains a public health problem. One of the complications of the cirrhosis is hepatic encephalopathy (HE) which is defined as brain dysfunction caused by liver insufficiency. Pathophysiological mechanisms of HE are complex and multifactorial. Recognition of beginning stages of HE, such as minimal HE (mHE) is of most importance. Objectives and originality of the project Diagnosis of mHE can be challenging, time-consuming and, at least to some extent, subjective. This project will assess the role of magnetic resonance (MR) in mHE diagnosis with emphasis on multimodal imaging technique. With advanced magnetic resonance (MR) techniques, in-vivo detection of intracellular water content, estimation pH and metabolites levels with millimolar concentrations can be easily performed. This will offer to explore possible pathophysiological mechanisms of HE and to evaluate the results from previous, studies that were mainly performed on animal models or cell cultures. By our best knowledge, multimodal MR approach as the investigators propose in this application has not been yet performed. The investigators will use advanced MR techniques which are currently not available in the clinical setting and require multicenter collaboration. Methods The investigators will include 10-20 patients of both genders with hyperammonemia and mHE and 10-20 patients of both genders with HE. Diagnosis of HE will be made based on results of validated neuropsychiatric test. Age-matched and gender-matched control group with no gastrointestinal, neurological or psychiatric complaints and normal levels of ammonia in the blood. Patients with mHE/HE will be included from outpatient clinic of the Department of gastroenterology, University Medical Centre (UMC) Ljubljana. Healthy controls (HC) will be invited to join via internet advertisement. Contraindications for HC will include gastrointestinal (emphasis on liver disease), neurological or psychiatric complaints. Grade of mHE/HE will be classified according to West-Haven (WH) classification. Patients with different degree of liver cirrhosis, which will be scored with the Child-Pugh (CP) score, and with no contraindications for MR (e.g. presence of metal in body) will be included. Blood levels of liver enzymes and ammonia will be measured in all participants. MR scanning will include: T1- and T2-weighted MR, MRS (MEGA-PRESS and PRESS) in two voxels: striatum and cerebellum. Location will be double-checked by voxel position screenshots. Analysis, with voxel-positioning error compensation will be performed in Gannet (www.gabamrs.com). Moreover, high resolution diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) will be performed in brain as well. Liver QSM will be executed to assess iron load.