View clinical trials related to Body Composition.
Filter by:Growth is traditionally used as a prognostic measure after admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Quality of neonatal intensive care is one of the factors determining the health and quality of life for those that survive, with the principal objective of increasing disability-free survival. Nowadays, there is some researches showing us that these preterm babies present a different body composition when they achieve term age compared with babies birth at term and this condition could be putting these babies in risk to metabolic syndrome early in adult age. The majority of infants born between 24 and 29 weeks of gestational age fail to achieve the mean birth weight for fetuses of the same gestational age, and many weigh below the 10th percentile at hospital discharge. The focus of this study is the growth and body composition of very low birth weight infants growing in the extrauterine environment. The central question is, when they reach the corresponding term weight, is the body composition of newborns growing outside of the uterus different from that of infants growing in the intrauterine environment? The investigators are also trying to validate 3 different methods to research body composition: DXA, air-displacement plethysmography and electric bioimpedance.
The investigators are developing two new medical instruments: 1. the Intelligent Sensor Belt (ISB), and 2. the Body Composition and Hydration Status Analyzer (BC-HS-A). ISB serves the purpose of measuring calorie/ energy consumption of the human body during physical activity. The BC-HS-A measures the body composition, i.e. the fat and lean body mass and the hydration status i.e the amount of water inside and outside of the body cells. The goal of this pilot study is to obtain data from the investigators prototype medical instruments: 1. ISB, and 2. BC-HS-A during physical exercise and compare those results with readings of other commercially available instruments or exercise equipments. The investigators would be testing for technical feasibility and, through comparison with existing measuring devices, the reliability of the investigators prototype.
The objective of this trial is to examine the long-term effects of a diet low in carbohydrates, as compared to one low in fat, on cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure (BP), body weight and composition, serum lipids, plasma glucose, insulin, adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin), and C-reactive protein (CRP) among obese adults. The investigators will test the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Compared to a low fat diet, a diet low in carbohydrates will reduce systolic and diastolic BP over 12 months; Hypothesis 2: Compared to a low fat diet, a diet low in carbohydrates will reduce body weight, total percent body fat, and waist circumference over 12 months; Hypothesis 3: Compared to a low fat diet, a diet low in carbohydrates will reduce serum levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and increase serum levels of HDL-cholesterol over 12 months; Hypothesis 4: Compared to a low fat diet, a diet low in carbohydrates will reduce plasma levels of glucose and insulin levels over 12 months; and Hypothesis 5: Compared to a low fat diet, a diet low in carbohydrates will reduce plasma levels of leptin, resistin, and CRP and increase plasma levels of adiponectin over 12 months.
This project aims to a) evaluate the effects of haloperidol, olanzapine, and risperidone in combination with valproate on insulin secretion and insulin actions, b) evaluate medication effects on abdominal fat, total body fat and total fat-free mass, and c) evaluate treatment effects on glucose tolerance, lipid profiles, and plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin and C-reactive protein. Hypotheses will be evaluated by measuring 1) insulin action and secretion using frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests, 2) body composition using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance scans, and anthropomorphic measurements, and 3) changes in hormone levels and lipid profiles. The aims will be addressed in non-diabetic schizophrenia patients chronically treated with haloperidol, olanzapine or risperidone who will have valproate added to their treatment. Relevant data is critically needed to target basic research, identify long-term cardiovascular risks, and plan therapeutic interventions.
Impact of resistance training in prepubertal children with obesity focusing mostly in changes in body composition and markers of insulin resistance. Hypothesis is that this will show positive changes in this randomized controlled trial.
prospective longitudinal measurements of nutritional status parameters (body composition by BIA, anthropometry and biochemical indexes), inflammatory response (CRP, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10),IGF-1, leptin and NOx blood levels) and morbidity and mortality data collection over 2 year period in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis.
It has been proposed that a higher cut off for BMI (body mass index) is to be used in Maori to define overweight and obesity. However, no one has assessed the prevalence of co-morbid conditions associated with BMI. It is well known that Maori are at greater risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease compared to non-Maori and a delay in the identification of those who are overweight and obese may be detrimental for Maori. We will assess BMI, other measures of adiposity and prevalence of co-morbid conditions with a comparison with a similar matched non-Maori population.