Reading; Through the Eyes of a University Student

Visual Stress Clinical Trial

Official title:

Reading; Through the Eyes of a University Student. A Double-masked, Randomised Control Trial to Assess the Effect of Precision Tinted Spectacle Filters on Visual Stress Symptoms Within the University Student Population

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Enrolling by invitation

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04318106
• Other study ID #: FCBMS-19-189
• Status: Enrolling by invitation
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: January 27, 2020
• Est. completion date: June 2025

Study information

• Verified date: February 2023
• Source: University of Ulster
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This is a double-masked randomized controlled trial which aims to assess the effects of precision tinted spectacle lenses on visual stress symptoms within an undergraduate University student population.

Description:

The participants will be recruited from the undergraduate Ulster University student population. Those students who have been identified as potentially having visual stress will be invited to undergo screening tests to assess their eligibility to participate in the randomized controlled trial.

Visit 1:

Each consenting participant will undergo tests to assess their eligibility to participate in this study.

Provided the participant meets the inclusion criteria then they will undergo a baseline eye examination and reading tests including the Wilkins Rate of Reading test (WRRT).

The participant will then undergo colorimetry testing using the Intuitive colorimeter (Cerium TM) using the established procedure to individually measure the optimum chromaticity which alleviates visual stress symptoms for each participant. This will be the 'experimental' colour. A second colour will be measured at which visual stress symptoms will be present, this colour will not be aversive to the participant and will be as close to the 'experimental' colour as possible to aid masking. This will be the 'control' colour and it will be individually determined for each participant. Participants and researchers will be masked to which spectacles are 'control' and 'experimental' throughout the course of the trial.

Visit 2 & 3:

The participant will be invited to return to collect one pair of spectacle with coloured lenses. Reading speed will be assessed using the Wilkins Rate of Reading Test (WRRT) and visual stress will be assessed using a symptom questionnaire and Pattern Glare Test (PGT) with and without the coloured spectacles. The participant will be asked to take the spectacles away and will be advised to wear the spectacles for concentrated tasks, including reading. The participant is free to choose when they wish to wear the spectacles. The participant will keep the spectacles for a minimum of ten weeks, after this time they will be invited to return the spectacles and repeat measures of reading speed and visual stress will be assessed. Participants will be asked to document reading symptoms in an online diary and note the length of spectacle wear-time at the start and end of the 10-week wear period.

There will be a time lapse between visit 3 and visit 4 where the participant will have no coloured spectacles.

Visit 4 & 5

The participant will return to collect the other pair of spectacles. Reading speed and visual stress will be assessed as in visit 2 & 3. They will keep the spectacles for the same time period. They will be invited to return, at the end of visit 5 the participant will be able to chose their preferred pair of coloured spectacles to take away with them to keep.

Four months later the participant will be contacted to check if they are still wearing the coloured spectacles.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Enrolling by invitation
• Enrollment: 65
• Est. completion date: June 2025
• Est. primary completion date: June 2025
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 45 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• All consenting undergraduate University students, studying at Ulster University who have visual stress symptoms.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Reduced visual acuity

• Uncorrected spectacle prescription

• Decompensating heterophoria

• Heterotropia

• Accommodative insufficiency

• Convergence insufficiency

• Ocular health abnormality

• Any participant currently using precision tinted lenses

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Meares-Irlen Syndrome
• Reading Difficulties
• Syndrome
• Visual Stress

Intervention

Device:
• Precision tinted spectacle lenses
Precision tinted spectacles lenses (Cerium Technologies TM)

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United Kingdom	Ulster University	Coleraine	Londonderry

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Ulster

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United Kingdom, 

References & Publications (9)

Allen PM, Dedi S, Kumar D, Patel T, Aloo M, Wilkins AJ. Accommodation, pattern glare, and coloured overlays. Perception. 2012;41(12):1458-67. doi: 10.1068/p7390. — View Citation

Evans BJ, Joseph F. The effect of coloured filters on the rate of reading in an adult student population. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2002 Nov;22(6):535-45. doi: 10.1046/j.1475-1313.2002.00071.x. — View Citation

Evans BJ, Stevenson SJ. The Pattern Glare Test: a review and determination of normative values. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2008 Jul;28(4):295-309. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00578.x. — View Citation

Evans BJW, Allen PM, Wilkins AJ. A Delphi study to develop practical diagnostic guidelines for visual stress (pattern-related visual stress). J Optom. 2017 Jul-Sep;10(3):161-168. doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2016.08.002. Epub 2016 Nov 24. — View Citation

Griffiths PG, Taylor RH, Henderson LM, Barrett BT. The effect of coloured overlays and lenses on reading: a systematic review of the literature. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2016 Sep;36(5):519-44. doi: 10.1111/opo.12316. — View Citation

Singleton C, Henderson LM. Computerized screening for visual stress in children with dyslexia. Dyslexia. 2007 May;13(2):130-51. doi: 10.1002/dys.329. — View Citation

Wilkins A, Sihra N, Smith IN. How precise do precision tints have to be and how many are necessary? Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2005 May;25(3):269-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00279.x. — View Citation

Wilkins AJ, Evans BJ, Brown JA, Busby AE, Wingfield AE, Jeanes RJ, Bald J. Double-masked placebo-controlled trial of precision spectral filters in children who use coloured overlays. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1994 Oct;14(4):365-70. — View Citation

Wilkins AJ, Jeanes RJ, Pumfrey PD, Laskier M. Rate of Reading Test: its reliability, and its validity in the assessment of the effects of coloured overlays. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1996 Nov;16(6):491-7. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Reading rate	Wilkins rate of reading test	20 weeks
Primary	Symptoms	Symptom diary to be completed by the participant daily for the first and final week of wear of each pair of spectacles. The participant will be asked details about how much reading they have performed, how long they have worn the spectacles for and if they have experienced any symptoms of visual perceptual distortions.	4 weeks
Secondary	Voluntary use of coloured spectacles	Unprompted, voluntary use of the 'experimental' coloured spectacles	4 months