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Filter by:Oceania's populations, including Melanesians, are paying a heavy price for dengue fever, which has been circulating actively in the region since the Second World War. In New Caledonia (NC), the incidence of dengue fever is higher among municipalities predominantly populated by Melanesians, suggesting that Melanesians may have an increased susceptibility to symptomatic dengue fever. Differences in antiviral immune responses between populations of different geographical origins are partly the result of population-specific immune regulatory variants. In turn, viruses have imposed considerable selective pressure on human populations. Although crucial to understanding their susceptibility to viral infections, the genetic determinants of the antiviral immune response of Oceanians remain to be characterized. In this context, we hypothesize that the genetic origin of Oceanians, and Melanesians in particular, has shaped their antiviral immune response and contributes to their greater susceptibility to certain viral infections. We aim to characterize the immune response to pathogens affecting the New Caledonian population, and in particular to dengue virus, of Melanesian and European populations, and to identify its genetic determinants. We will also explore whether saliva can be used as a non-invasive sample to study the seroprevalence of dengue in Oceanian populations.
The innate immune response of children with acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the acute phase and in the resolution phase, is marked by variations in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, where in the acute phase there is recruitment and activation of multiple cells of the immune system, with consequent increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Evidence indicates that there is a considerable increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) , interleukine 6 (IL6), interleukine 1-beta, interleukine 8 (IL8) interleukine 10 (IL10), exposing to IL6, IL8 and IL-10 positively correlated with AVB severity. There are already reports that the transcutaneous application of photobiomodulation (PBM) reaches the lungs, producing positive responses in respiratory pathologies, both acute and chronic . Thus, PBM caused by the use of low-level laser may be a favorable resource to be used in the area of respiratory physiotherapy, specifically in neonatology and pediatrics, since there are studies in both experimental and human models that prove its action on lung cells, acting to reduce airway edema, reduce neutrophil migration to lung tissue and synthesize pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFalpha, IL6 and IL-10. In addition, it is a portable, practical, quick application, with minimal contraindications and possibly better tolerated by the neonatal and pediatric population.
The purpose of this pilot study is to determine if the use of Purell hand sanitizer alters the duration, level of pain and discomfort during treatment, and the size of the HSV-1 lesion. The duration of an HSV-1 (herpes) lesion is the primary endpoint for this study. Size, pain, and discomfort are the secondary endpoints.
This study is called the Microbes and Respiratory Illnesses (MARI) Study. Children growing up on farms are exposed to many types of microbes that could be beneficial. It is thought that increased exposure to certain types of microbes early in life helps to develop a healthy immune system and reduce the risk for severe common cold illnesses, breathing problems, and allergies.
This is an exploratory case control study with the aim to compare the Onchocerca volvulus virome between persons with onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE) and persons with onchocerciasis but without epilepsy. The main question we want to address is: Is there a virus contained in the O. volulus worm that may have a pathogenic role in causing OAE. In Maridi County, South Sudan, 20 persons with OAE with onchocerciasis nodules, and 20 age- and village-matched controls without OAE will be enrolled in a nodulectomy study.The adult O. volvulus worms will be extracted from the nodules and a viral metagenomic study of the worms. The O. volvulus virome of persons with and without OAE will be compared.
The goal of this observational study is to learn about dynamic changes of Torquetenovirus (TTV) load in Chinese renal transplant recipients. The main questions it aims to answer are: - Is there correlation between TTV load and rejection? - Is there correlation between TTV load and infection? - Can changes in the TTV load of kidney transplant recipients predict rejection or infection? Participants will: - receive 13 follow-up visits within 1 year after kidney transplantation - provide 2 ml of whole blood for TTV load testing and other related testing at each follow-up - provide 10 ml of whole blood for dd-cfDNA testing at four follow-ups (1, 3, 6 and 12 months after transplantation) - provide 1 ml of serum for donor-specific antibody testing at three follow-ups (1, 6 and 12 months after transplantation)
This is a single-arm, open-label, clinical pharmacology study to evaluate safety and efficacy of oncolytic virus injection(RT-01) in patients with Relapsed or Refractory T-cell Lymphoma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability, antitumor activity, The immunoreactivity, The immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics and virus shedding of RT-01.
This prospective, multicenter, non-interventional trial aims to study the association between TTV viral load and the occurrence of rejection or infection during the first year after transplantation. The TTV viral loads, taken once a month during the first year after the transplant, will be measured at the end of the study.
Follow-up of patients with a borderline PCR result. Data of patients that were re-tested within 96 hours after receiving a borderline COVID-19 PCR result are reviewed. This is a retrospective study.
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. Early research suggests that children are no more susceptible to COVID-19 infection than adults and that children with confirmed COVID-19 have generally presented with milder symptoms. However, the impact of COVID-19 among Canadian children remains unclear. The prevalence of COVID-19 in children in Canada is currently unknown and no published research exists regarding the risk factors of COVID-19 in children or its potential long-term health effects on physical health or development. Using TARGet Kids!, Canada's largest children's cohort study with over 11,000 children involved, the researchers will conduct a longitudinal observational study aimed to evaluate the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in children and parents; differences among infected and uninfected children in terms of age, sex, and income; risk factors of COVID-19; and longer term health effects of COVID-19 among children. Given the rapid spread of COVID-19 and the unknown health effects of the virus in children, research must be conducted to determine the extent of infections of COVID-19 in children, disease severity, risk factors for infection, and how the virus affects children as they become older.