Suppressive Therapy With Oral Antibiotics for Prevention of Postoperative Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Urinary Tract Infection Clinical Trial

— STOPP UTI  

Official title:

Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infection in Patients Requiring Catheterization After Urogynecologic Surgery

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01450800
• Other study ID #: Pro00025269
• Secondary ID: 3913577
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 4
• First received: October 10, 2011
• Last updated: March 31, 2014
• Start date: August 2011
• Est. completion date: September 2013

Study information

• Verified date: March 2014
• Source: Duke University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: United States: Institutional Review Board
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This is a study of patients undergoing gynecologic surgery who require post-operative catheterization to determine if prophylactic antibiotic treatment decreases the risk of post-operative urinary tract infection in these patients.

Description:

Study Population Participants will be recruited from all patients who are planning to undergo gynecologic surgery by an attending surgeon in the Division of Urogynecology at Duke University Medical Center (DUMC). After enrollment and randomization, the participants will take the study drug once daily to start on post-operative day one and continue until the participant has stopped catheterizing for up to one week after surgery. The participant will also complete a daily diary for one week after surgery to record any catheterization and any study drug or additional antibiotic medication taken. We will then follow patients for a total of three weeks after surgery to monitor for treatment for UTI. At three weeks after surgery the observation period for the participant is complete.

Sample Size Under the assumption of 80% power and an alpha error of 0.05, we would need 156 subjects to demonstrate a 66% reduction in risk of UTI (i.e. from 28% to 10%) in those undergoing prophylactic antibiotic treatment. Therefore, we aim to recruit a total of 175 participants to account for participant dropout.

Study Definitions For our study purposes, post-operative catheterization will be defined to include patients who are hospitalized post-operatively with an indwelling Foley catheter as well as patients discharged with either intermittent self-catheterization (ISC) or indwelling Foley catheter. The decision to catheterize will be determined by type of surgical procedure, need for inpatient stay and void trial results. Void trials will be conducted as follows: the bladder is backfilled with 300cc normal saline, the catheter is removed and the patient is prompted to void immediately and, after voiding is complete, a (PVR) post-void residual volume is measured. The patient passes the void trial if she voids over 200cc in total volume or if her PVR is less than 100cc.

Our primary outcome of treatment for UTI within the first three weeks after surgery is to be defined clinically. A patient will be considered to have received treatment for UTI if she receives any antibiotic therapy for clinically suspected or culture-proven urinary tract infection (i.e. empirically given upon development of urinary symptoms or prescribed based on urinalysis or urine culture results) within the first three weeks after surgery.

Data Collection Demographic characteristics, operative data and post-operative data will be collected. Prior to discharge after surgery all patients will undergo a void trial per standard procedure unless they receive an indwelling Foley catheter for overnight hospitalization. Post-operatively all subjects will be given a catheterization diary to record days of catheterization and days of antibiotic therapy. All subjects will be instructed to call our clinical office to report any urinary complaints and/or treatment for UTI. Information will be collected from electronic medical records regarding any office visits, urine cultures performed or treatment for UTI during this post-operative period. Data will be entered into a de-identified study database for analysis by the PI and study coordinator who will be blinded to participant randomization.

Subject Randomization and Blinding Study participants will be randomized to prophylactic treatment versus no treatment via a computerized randomization scheme by the IDS at the time of enrollment. Patients will be blinded to treatment by the utilization of placebo tablets.

Adverse Events Nitrofurantoin is FDA approved for the treatment of UTI. We will be using a prophylactic dose and will monitor for any adverse events. Adverse events will be reported per protocol. A safety monitoring designee will perform reviews on a designated basis throughout the study.

Study Costs There will be no additional cost to the patient for their participation in this study. No additional laboratory testing will be performed as a result of participation.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 163
• Est. completion date: September 2013
• Est. primary completion date: March 2013
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 21 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Undergoing urogynecologic surgery

• Receive postoperative catheterization

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age less than 21 years old

• Pregnancy

• Allergy, contraindication or intolerance to Nitrofurantoin

• Do not speak English

• Dependent on trans-urethral catheter to accomplish voiding preoperatively

• Undergoing interstim device placement, urethral diverticulum surgery or fistula surgery

• Sustain intraoperative urinary tract injury requiring postoperative catheterization

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Prevention

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Communicable Diseases
• Infection
• Urinary Tract Infection
• Urinary Tract Infections

Intervention

Drug:
• Nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin 100mg po daily to be taken every day the patient uses a catheter for up to one week post-operatively
• Placebo
Participants randomized to placebo will be instructed to take placebo one tablet by mouth daily starting on postoperative day 1 for up to 7 days during catheterization

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Duke University Medical Center	Durham	North Carolina

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Duke University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (10)

Brown JS, Grady D, Ouslander JG, Herzog AR, Varner RE, Posner SF. Prevalence of urinary incontinence and associated risk factors in postmenopausal women. Heart & Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Jul;94(1):66-70. — View Citation

Falagas ME, Athanasiou S, Iavazzo C, Tokas T, Antsaklis A. Urinary tract infections after pelvic floor gynecological surgery: prevalence and effect of antimicrobial prophylaxis. A systematic review. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2008 Aug;19(8):1165-72. doi: 10.1007/s00192-008-0584-0. Epub 2008 Apr 10. Review. — View Citation

Hannestad YS, Rortveit G, Sandvik H, Hunskaar S; Norwegian EPINCONT study. Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trøndelag. A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT study. Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trøndelag. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000 Nov;53(11):1150-7. — View Citation

Irwin DE, Milsom I, Hunskaar S, Reilly K, Kopp Z, Herschorn S, Coyne K, Kelleher C, Hampel C, Artibani W, Abrams P. Population-based survey of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms in five countries: results of the EPIC study. Eur Urol. 2006 Dec;50(6):1306-14; discussion 1314-5. Epub 2006 Oct 2. — View Citation

Levin I, Groutz A, Gold R, Pauzner D, Lessing JB, Gordon D. Surgical complications and medium-term outcome results of tension-free vaginal tape: a prospective study of 313 consecutive patients. Neurourol Urodyn. 2004;23(1):7-9. — View Citation

Macy E, Poon K-Y T. Self-reported antibiotic allergy incidence and prevalence: age and sex effects. Am J Med. 2009 Aug;122(8):778.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.01.034. — View Citation

Nilsson CG, Kuuva N, Falconer C, Rezapour M, Ulmsten U. Long-term results of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure for surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2001;12 Suppl 2:S5-8. — View Citation

Sutkin G, Lowder JL, Smith KJ. Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent urinary tract infection during clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) for management of voiding dysfunction after prolapse and incontinence surgery: a decision analysis. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2009 Aug;20(8):933-8. doi: 10.1007/s00192-009-0885-y. Epub 2009 Apr 10. — View Citation

Thomas TM, Plymat KR, Blannin J, Meade TW. Prevalence of urinary incontinence. Br Med J. 1980 Nov 8;281(6250):1243-5. — View Citation

Wu JM, Hundley AF, Fulton RG, Myers ER. Forecasting the prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in U.S. Women: 2010 to 2050. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Dec;114(6):1278-83. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181c2ce96. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Antibiotic Resistance to Macrobid	We examined for macrobid resistance on urine culture results within 3 weeks of surgery	6 weeks after surgery	No
Primary	Urinary Tract Infections	The primary outcome was treatment for UTI within the first 3 weeks after surgery. Treatment for UTI was defined to include any treatment received for clinically suspected or culture-proven urinary tract infection within 3 weeks of surgery. Clinically suspected treatment was defined to include treatment given empirically upon development of urinary symptoms or prescribed based on urine test results. Culture-proven UTI was defined as a urine culture with greater than 100,000 colony-forming units of a single organism.	three weeks post-operative	No
Secondary	Other Risk Factors for UTI	We examined risk of UTI as related to vaginal estrogen therapy	3 weeks following surgery	No
Secondary	Other Risk Factors for UTI	We examined risk of UTI as related to history of recurrent UTIs	3 weeks following surgery	No
Secondary	Other Risk Factors for UTI	We examined risk of UTI as related to preoperative UTI treatment	3 weeks following surgery	No
Secondary	Other Risk Factors for UTI	We examined risk of UTI as related to Creatinine Clearance	3 weeks following surgery	No
Secondary	Other Risk Factors for UTI	We examined risk of UTI as related to sling as part of surgery	3 weeks following surgery	No
Secondary	Other Risk Factors for UTI	We examined risk of UTI as related to postoperative void trial PVR by performing a logistic regression analysis	3 weeks following surgery	No
Secondary	Other Risk Factors for UTI	We examined risk of UTI as related to total postoperative catheter days	3 weeks following surgery	No
Secondary	Other Risk Factors for UTI	We examined risk of UTI as related to postoperative catheter type	3 weeks following surgery	No