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Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

NCT number NCT04736225
Other study ID # CCYCH-099034
Secondary ID
Status Completed
Phase N/A
First received
Last updated
Start date June 1, 2010
Est. completion date July 30, 2011

Study information

Verified date February 2021
Source National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
Contact n/a
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of an insulin self-titration education program on glycemic control, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes. The quasi-experimental design was adapted. A convenient sample of 120 patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes was recruited from a general hospital in Taiwan. Among them, 60 were in the insulin self-titration group, and 60 were in the comparison group. Data on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), self-efficacy, and self-care behavior were collected at baseline, three-month, and six-month follow-up. The study instruments included the Insulin Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Diabetes Self-Care questionnaire.


Description:

Sixty patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes were recruited as the intervention participants and enrolled in the insulin self-titration program. Sixty propensity score-matched patients treated with traditional insulin therapy without self-titration were recruited as the control participants. Data on HbA1C and hypoglycemia were collected at baseline and during follow-ups at three and six months. Data on self-efficacy and self-care were collected at the six-month follow-up using self-report questionnaires. The inclusion criteria were recruited: (1) age ≥ 18 years; (2) diagnosis of type 2 diabetes; (3) treatment with insulin injection for > six months; (4) HbA1C > 7.5% in the last three months; and (5) ability to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese. The insulin self-titration education program includes a 60-min small-group lesson, a 20-min individual instruction. Patients in the comparison group received usual care at the Diabetes Health Education Center. During a 15-min individual education, these patients were taught how to self-inject insulin and test and record their before-breakfast and before-dinner blood glucose levels daily at home Data on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and the number of hypoglycemia were collected at baseline, three-month, and six-month follow-up. Data on self-efficacy and self-care were collected at the six-month follow-up, using the self-reported questionnaires. The study was approved by the institutional review board of the hospital where the data were collected. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS 21.0 software. Descriptive analyses were used to describe the research variables. Chi-Square and independent t-test were used to analyze the baseline equilibriums between the two groups. Independent t-tests were used to analyze between-group differences in HbA1C at each time point. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to analyze between-group differences in HbA1C change over time. The independent t-test was used to analyze the difference between the two groups of participants in the post-testing diabetes self-efficacy and self-care.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Completed
Enrollment 120
Est. completion date July 30, 2011
Est. primary completion date July 30, 2011
Accepts healthy volunteers No
Gender All
Age group 18 Years and older
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria: - age = 18 years - diagnosis of type 2 diabetes - treatment with insulin injection for > six months - HbA1C > 7.5% in the last three months - ability to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese Exclusion Criteria: - non

Study Design


Intervention

Other:
Insulin Self-Titration Education Program
The program contents of instruction included blood glucose self-monitoring, types of insulin, insulin self-administration, insulin dose titration, hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia self-management, diet, and exercise.a 20-min one-on-one training session from a nurse on how to self-titrate the insulin dose. The participants were taught to monitor their before-breakfast and before-dinner blood glucose levels at home and adjust their insulin doses accordingly.

Locations

Country Name City State
n/a

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences Chiayi Christian Hospital

References & Publications (3)

Davies MJ, D'Alessio DA, Fradkin J, Kernan WN, Mathieu C, Mingrone G, Rossing P, Tsapas A, Wexler DJ, Buse JB. Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2018 Dec;41(12):2669-2701. doi: 10.2337/dci18-0033. Epub 2018 Oct 4. — View Citation

Misra A, Patel M, Agarwal P, Lodha S, Tandon N, Magdum M, Yajnik C, Ghosh R, Walekar A. Effectiveness and Safety of Physician-Led Versus Patient-Led Titration of Insulin Glargine in Indian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Subanalysis of the Asian — View Citation

Tomah S, Mahmoud N, Mottalib A, Pober DM, Tasabehji MW, Ashrafzadeh S, Hamdy O. Frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose in relation to weight loss and A1C during intensive multidisciplinary weight management in patients with type 2 diabetes and obes — View Citation

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Primary HbA1C HbA1c was measured by a 3cc venous blood sample was and analyzed with the Tosoh G8 HPLC Analyzer. six-month follow-up
Secondary self-efficacy The Chinese version of the Insulin Management Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale (IMDSES) was used to assess a participant's degree of confidence in the ability of self-controlled diabetes. The 28-item scale includes six subscales: general self-efficacy, dietary self-efficacy, insulin self-efficacy, blood glucose monitoring self-efficacy, exercise self-efficacy, and foot self-efficacy. Each item is rated on a scale from 0 (completely unsure) to 100 (very sure). The average score of all items represents the scale sore, with a possible range of 0 to 100. The higher the score the better the self-efficacy. In this study, the Cronbach's a of this scale was 0.89, and the Cronbach's a value of each sub-scale was between 0.69 and 0.95. six-month follow-up
Secondary self-care behavior The Chinese version of the revised Diabetes Self-Care Scale (DSC) was used to measure a participant's self-care behavior. The 28-item scale includes six subscales: general self-care, self-care for diet, self-care for insulin adjustment, self-care for blood glucose monitoring, self-care for exercise, and self-care for the feet. Each item is rated on a scale from 0 (not done at all) to 100 (completely done). The average score of all items represents the scale score, with a possible range of 0 to 100. The higher the score the better the self-care behavior. In this study, the Cronbach's a of this scale was 0.89, and the Cronbach's a value of each subscale was between 0.69 and 0.86. six-month follow-up
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