"MyPlan" - Individualized Planned Eating Patterns for Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes Clinical Trial

Official title:

Individualized Planned Eating Patterns to Improve Glycemic Management in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Clinical Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05147324
• Other study ID #: 21-1337
• Secondary ID: 1R21DK125033-01A
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: December 13, 2021
• Est. completion date: April 24, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: March 2024
• Source: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study is to test the acceptability and effectiveness of an individualized eating strategy as part of diabetes self-management to improve glycemic levels among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and suboptimal glycemic management. Investigators will assess participant acceptability of and adherence to a 6-month individualized eating strategy ("MyPlan") characterized by approximate day-to-day consistency in the frequency and timing of meals and snacks and distribution of carbohydrate throughout the day. Within-individual change in glycemic levels between baseline and 6-months of the study will also be compared. The goal of the study is to inform the design of a future randomized clinical trial to test the addition of the MyPlan eating strategy to ongoing diabetes clinical care among youth with T1D.

Description:

This is a pilot, single-arm clinical trial to assess whether "MyPlan" is an acceptable and effective dietary strategy to be included in future fully powered trials aimed at optimizing diabetes outcomes in youth with T1D. Youth and guardian dyads will be enrolled for a total of 6 months, during which time dyads will be counseled to follow an individualized eating pattern ("MyPlan") defined by five eating behavior goals: 3-4 meals per day and 1-2 optional snacks; eating occasions no less than 2 hours or greater than 4 hours apart; target carbohydrate ranges for each eating occasion; no post-dinner snacking; eating occasion within 1-2 hours of waking. The plan, including the eating behavior goals, will be tailored to youth and family routines and preferences. Registered dieticians will support participant adherence to the plan via telehealth counseling sessions on a weekly basis for the first 2 months followed by bi-weekly sessions for 4 months. Investigators will assess a) acceptability of the eating pattern and counseling strategy according to youth and guardians; b) youth adherence to the five eating behavior targets; c) change in youth glycemic levels between baseline and 6-months.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 52
• Est. completion date: April 24, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: April 24, 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 12 Years to 17 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Youth 12-17 years old

• History of T1D of at least one year

• HbA1c 7.5-11%

• Guardian willing to also participate

• English as preferred language

Exclusion Criteria:

• Youth with other metabolic disorders, unstable thyroid disease, diagnosed eating disorders, prohibitively strict dietary restrictions, or those with other serious condition that renders participation inappropriate.

• Females who are pregnant, breast feeding, planning to become pregnant during the study period or delivered a baby in the last 12 months.

• Unwillingness to follow a personalized eating plan for 6 months or complete MyFitnessPal logs at least 3 days/week throughout the study.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
• Type 1 Diabetes

Intervention

Behavioral:
• "MyPlan" - Individualized Planned Eating Pattern
Sessions involve a structured behavior change counseling module derived from FLEX (NCT01286350), DASH-4-Teens (NCT00585832), and a Social Cognitive Theory and Transtheoretical Model informed conceptual framework, which uses education, motivation and self-efficacy enhancement, goal setting, and problem-solving skills training to initiate and sustain eating pattern adherence. Sessions support incremental progress towards meeting all five eating behavior goals by helping youth develop action plans, troubleshoot barriers to adherence, and refine action plans to improve adherence. Youth log in MyFitnessPal at least three days per week. Logs are used to assess and troubleshoot adherence, support youth in developing and refining action plans, and reward youth with points. Incentives are allocated using a point scheme designed to promote logging and goal achievement. Formal adjustment of the eating pattern is based on adherence according to logs and youth/guardian acceptability.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	Chapel Hill	North Carolina
United States	University of Cincinnati	Cincinnati	Ohio

Sponsors (3)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), University of Cincinnati

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (20)

Beaton GH, Milner J, Corey P, McGuire V, Cousins M, Stewart E, de Ramos M, Hewitt D, Grambsch PV, Kassim N, Little JA. Sources of variance in 24-hour dietary recall data: implications for nutrition study design and interpretation. Am J Clin Nutr. 1979 Dec;32(12):2546-59. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/32.12.2546. No abstract available. — View Citation

Clark BK, Pavey TG, Lim RF, Gomersall SR, Brown WJ. Past-day recall of sedentary time: Validity of a self-reported measure of sedentary time in a university population. J Sci Med Sport. 2016 Mar;19(3):237-241. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.02.001. Epub 2015 Feb 21. — View Citation

Couch SC, Saelens BE, Levin L, Dart K, Falciglia G, Daniels SR. The efficacy of a clinic-based behavioral nutrition intervention emphasizing a DASH-type diet for adolescents with elevated blood pressure. J Pediatr. 2008 Apr;152(4):494-501. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.09.022. Epub 2007 Nov 5. — View Citation

Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long-term complications in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. J Pediatr. 1994 Aug;125(2):177-88. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(94)70190-3. — View Citation

International Hypoglycaemia Study Group. Glucose Concentrations of Less Than 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) Should Be Reported in Clinical Trials: A Joint Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017 Jan;40(1):155-157. doi: 10.2337/dc16-2215. Epub 2016 Nov 21. No abstract available. — View Citation

Kichler JC, Seid M, Crandell J, Maahs DM, Bishop FK, Driscoll KA, Standiford D, Hunter CM, Mayer-Davis E. The Flexible Lifestyle Empowering Change (FLEX) intervention for self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Trial design and baseline characteristics. Contemp Clin Trials. 2018 Mar;66:64-73. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.12.006. Epub 2017 Dec 24. — View Citation

Kozey Keadle S, Lyden K, Hickey A, Ray EL, Fowke JH, Freedson PS, Matthews CE. Validation of a previous day recall for measuring the location and purpose of active and sedentary behaviors compared to direct observation. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014 Feb 3;11:12. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-12. — View Citation

Li C, D'Agostino RB Jr, Dabelea D, Liese AD, Mayer-Davis EJ, Pate R, Merchant AT. Longitudinal association between eating frequency and hemoglobin A1c and serum lipids in diabetes in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018 Apr 30:10.1111/pedi.12690. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12690. Online ahead of print. — View Citation

Maahs DM, Mayer-Davis E, Bishop FK, Wang L, Mangan M, McMurray RG. Outpatient assessment of determinants of glucose excursions in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: proof of concept. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012 Aug;14(8):658-64. doi: 10.1089/dia.2012.0053. — View Citation

Markowitz JT, Butler DA, Volkening LK, Antisdel JE, Anderson BJ, Laffel LM. Brief screening tool for disordered eating in diabetes: internal consistency and external validity in a contemporary sample of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010 Mar;33(3):495-500. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1890. Epub 2009 Dec 23. — View Citation

Mayer-Davis EJ, Maahs DM, Seid M, Crandell J, Bishop FK, Driscoll KA, Hunter CM, Kichler JC, Standiford D, Thomas JM; FLEX Study Group. Efficacy of the Flexible Lifestyles Empowering Change intervention on metabolic and psychosocial outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (FLEX): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018 Sep;2(9):635-646. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30208-6. Epub 2018 Jul 30. — View Citation

Miller KM, Foster NC, Beck RW, Bergenstal RM, DuBose SN, DiMeglio LA, Maahs DM, Tamborlane WV; T1D Exchange Clinic Network. Current state of type 1 diabetes treatment in the U.S.: updated data from the T1D Exchange clinic registry. Diabetes Care. 2015 Jun;38(6):971-8. doi: 10.2337/dc15-0078. — View Citation

Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, Genuth SM, Lachin JM, Orchard TJ, Raskin P, Zinman B; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2005 Dec 22;353(25):2643-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa052187. — View Citation

Overby NC, Margeirsdottir HD, Brunborg C, Andersen LF, Dahl-Jorgensen K. The influence of dietary intake and meal pattern on blood glucose control in children and adolescents using intensive insulin treatment. Diabetologia. 2007 Oct;50(10):2044-51. doi: 10.1007/s00125-007-0775-0. Epub 2007 Aug 9. — View Citation

Overby NC, Margeirsdottir HD, Brunborg C, Anderssen SA, Andersen LF, Dahl-Jorgensen K; Norwegian Study Group for Childhood Diabetes. Physical activity and overweight in children and adolescents using intensified insulin treatment. Pediatr Diabetes. 2009 Apr;10(2):135-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00454.x. Epub 2008 Aug 20. — View Citation

Posner BM, Smigelski C, Duggal A, Morgan JL, Cobb J, Cupples LA. Validation of two-dimensional models for estimation of portion size in nutrition research. J Am Diet Assoc. 1992 Jun;92(6):738-41. No abstract available. — View Citation

Smart CE, Annan F, Bruno LP, Higgins LA, Acerini CL; International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2014. Nutritional management in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2014 Sep;15 Suppl 20:135-53. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12175. No abstract available. — View Citation

Weissberg-Benchell J, Glasgow AM, Tynan WD, Wirtz P, Turek J, Ward J. Adolescent diabetes management and mismanagement. Diabetes Care. 1995 Jan;18(1):77-82. doi: 10.2337/diacare.18.1.77. — View Citation

Wolever TM, Hamad S, Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Leiter LA, Rodger NW, Ross SA, Ryan EA. Day-to-day consistency in amount and source of carbohydrate intake associated with improved blood glucose control in type 1 diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr. 1999 Jun;18(3):242-7. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1999.10718858. — View Citation

Writing Group for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group; Orchard TJ, Nathan DM, Zinman B, Cleary P, Brillon D, Backlund JY, Lachin JM. Association between 7 years of intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes and long-term mortality. JAMA. 2015 Jan 6;313(1):45-53. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.16107. — View Citation

* Note: There are 20 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Percent Time in Range (Baseline)	Percentage of time spent in the glycemic range of 70-180 mg/dL between Baseline week 0-2 week of blinded continuous glucose monitor (CGM) wear time.	Baseline (Week 0-2)
Primary	Percent Time in Range (Week 22-24)	Percentage of time spent in the glycemic range of 70-180 mg/dL during Week 22-24 of blinded continuous glucose monitor (CGM) wear time.	Week 22-24
Primary	Adherence to Each Eating Behavior Goal	Percentage of participants who adhered to each eating behavior goal assessed through two unannounced 24-hour dietary recalls (1 weekday and 1 weekend day) collected during Week 22-24: Goal 1. 3-4 meals and 0-2 snacks; Goal 2. Spacing of meals/snacks >2 hours and <4 hours apart; Goal 3. Carbohydrate gram target ranges at meals (>15% daily carbohydrate) and snacks; Goal 4. No snacking after dinner; Goal 5. Meal/snack consumed =2 hours of waking;	Between Week 22 and Week 24
Primary	Adherence to 0-5 Eating Behavior Goals	Percentage of participants who adhered to 0-5 eating behavior goals assessed through two unannounced 24-hour dietary recalls (1 weekday and 1 weekend day) collected during Week 22 - 24.; Goal 1. 3-4 meals and 0-2 snacks; Goal 2. Spacing of meals/snacks >2 hours and <4 hours apart Goal 3. Carbohydrate gram target ranges at meals (>15% daily carbohydrate) and snacks Goal 4. No snacking after dinner Goal 5. Meal/snack consumed =2 hours of waking	Between Week 22 and Week 24
Primary	Mean Adherence to Overall Eating Behavior Pattern	Mean number of eating behavior goals (range: 0-5) adhered to by participants as assessed through two unannounced 24-hour dietary recalls (1 weekday and 1 weekend day) collected during Week 22 - 24: Goal 1. 3-4 meals and 0-2 snacks; Goal 2. Spacing of meals/snacks >2 hours and <4 hours apart; Goal 3. Carbohydrate gram target ranges at meals (>15% daily carbohydrate) and snacks; Goal 4. No snacking after dinner; Goal 5. Meal/snack consumed =2 hours of waking;	Between Week 22 and Week 24
Primary	Mean Acceptability Score (Youth)	Mean composite acceptability score (range: 5-20) calculated from Likert responses (1- Strongly Agree, 2- Agree, 3- Disagree, 4- Strongly Disagree) to 5 items from an instrument that captures ease of eating pattern adoption, satisfaction, food enjoyment, sustainability, and ease of blood sugar management as perceived by youth. Lower composite acceptability scores indicate greater acceptability (5 - highly acceptable 20 - highly unacceptable).	Week 26
Primary	Acceptability Percentage (Youth)	Percentage of youth with a mean acceptability score (range: 5-20) <=10. Lower acceptability scores indicate greater acceptability (5 - highly acceptable 20 - highly unacceptable) where a score >10 indicates the eating pattern is unacceptable. Scores calculated from Likert responses (1- Strongly Agree 2- Agree 3- Disagree 4- Strongly Disagree) to 5 scored items from an instrument that captures ease of eating pattern adoption, satisfaction, food enjoyment, sustainability, and ease of blood sugar management as perceived by youth.	Week 26
Primary	Mean Acceptability Score (Guardian)	Mean composite acceptability score (range: 5-20) calculated from Likert responses (1- Strongly Agree, 2- Agree, 3- Disagree, 4- Strongly Disagree) to 5 items from an instrument that captures ease of eating pattern adoption, satisfaction, food enjoyment, sustainability, and ease of blood sugar management as perceived by youth's guardian. Lower composite acceptability scores indicate greater acceptability (5 - highly acceptable 20 - highly unacceptable).	Week 26
Primary	Acceptability Percentage (Guardian)	Percentage of guardians with a mean acceptability score (range: 5-20) <=10. Lower acceptability scores indicate greater acceptability (5 - highly acceptable 20 - highly unacceptable) where a score >10 indicates the eating pattern is unacceptable. Scores calculated from Likert responses (1- Strongly Agree 2- Agree 3- Disagree 4- Strongly Disagree) to 5 scored items from an instrument that captures ease of eating pattern adoption, satisfaction, food enjoyment, sustainability, and ease of blood sugar management as perceived by youth's guardian.	Week 26
Secondary	Change in Hemoglobin A1c Percentage	Change in point-of-care hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) percentage.	Baseline (Week 0) and Endline (Week 26)